Ratnovsky Anat, Elad David, Halpern Pinchas
Department of Medical Engineering, Afeka College of Engineering, Tel Aviv 69107, Israel.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008 Nov 30;163(1-3):82-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.04.019. Epub 2008 May 15.
Lung ventilation is a mechanical process in which the respiratory muscles are acting in concert to remove air in and out of the lungs. Any alteration in the performance of the respiratory muscle may reduce the effectiveness of ventilation. Thus, early diagnosis of their weakness is vital for treatment and rehabilitation. Different techniques, which are based on different measurement protocols, can be utilized for evaluation of respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory muscle strength can be assessed using pressure measurement either from the mouth or from the nostril during quasi-static breathing. However, it estimates only global performance of respiratory muscles. Techniques that are based on electromyography measurements during muscle contraction (EMG) enable the differentiation between the different respiratory muscles. Along with the above clinical and physiological techniques for assessment of respiratory muscle strength and endurance, mechanical and mathematical models of the chest wall were developed in the last few decades for analysis of chest wall movements and the contribution of its components to respiration. In this review, the different methods and the models utilized for evaluation of respiratory muscles function will be discussed.
肺通气是一个机械过程，在此过程中呼吸肌协同作用，使空气进出肺部。呼吸肌功能的任何改变都可能降低通气效率。因此，早期诊断其肌无力对于治疗和康复至关重要。基于不同测量方案的不同技术可用于评估呼吸肌力量。在准静态呼吸过程中，可以通过测量口腔或鼻孔压力来评估呼吸肌力量。然而，它仅能估计呼吸肌的整体功能。基于肌肉收缩时肌电图测量（EMG）的技术能够区分不同的呼吸肌。除了上述用于评估呼吸肌力量和耐力的临床和生理技术外，在过去几十年中还开发了胸壁的力学和数学模型，用于分析胸壁运动及其各组成部分对呼吸的贡献。在这篇综述中，将讨论用于评估呼吸肌功能的不同方法和模型。
