Gols Rieta, Wagenaar R, Bukovinszky Tibor, van Dam Nicole M, Dicke Marcel, Bullock James M, Harvey Jeffrey A
Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
Ecology. 2008 Jun;89(6):1616-26. doi: 10.1890/07-0873.1.
Populations of wild Brassica oleracea L. grow naturally along the Atlantic coastlines of the United Kingdom and France. Over a very small spatial scale (i.e., <15 km) these populations differ in the expression of the defensive compounds, glucosinolates (GS). Thus far, very few studies have examined interactions between genetically distinct populations of a wild plant species and associated consumers in a multitrophic framework. Here, we compared the development of a specialist (Pieris rapae) and a generalist (Mamestra brassicae) insect herbivore and their endoparasitoids (Cotesia rubecula and Microplitis mediator, respectively) on three wild populations and one cultivar of B. oleracea under controlled greenhouse conditions. Herbivore performance was differentially affected by the plant population on which they were reared. Plant population influenced only development time and pupal mass in P. rapae, whereas plant population also had a dramatic effect on survival of M. brassicae. Prolonged development time in P. rapae corresponded with high levels of the indole GS, neoglucobrassicin, whereas reduced survival in M. brassicae coincided with high levels of the aliphatic GS, gluconapin and sinigrin. The difference between the two species can be explained by the fact that the specialist P. rapae is adapted to feed on plants containing GS and has evolved an effective detoxification system against aliphatic GS. The different B. oleracea populations also affected development of the endoparasitoids. Differences in food-plant quality for the hosts were reflected in adult size in C. rubecula and survival in M. mediator, and further showed that parasitoid performance is also affected by herbivore diet.
野生甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L.）种群自然生长在英国和法国的大西洋沿岸。在非常小的空间尺度（即<15公里）内，这些种群在防御性化合物硫代葡萄糖苷（GS）的表达上存在差异。到目前为止，很少有研究在多营养框架下研究野生植物物种遗传上不同的种群与相关消费者之间的相互作用。在这里，我们在可控的温室条件下，比较了一种专食性昆虫（粉纹夜蛾）和一种广食性昆虫（甘蓝夜蛾）及其内寄生蜂（分别为红足侧沟茧蜂和甘蓝夜蛾微体茧蜂）在三个野生甘蓝种群和一个甘蓝栽培品种上的发育情况。食草动物的表现受到它们所取食的植物种群的不同影响。植物种群仅影响粉纹夜蛾的发育时间和蛹重，而植物种群对甘蓝夜蛾的存活率也有显著影响。粉纹夜蛾发育时间延长与吲哚型硫代葡萄糖苷新葡萄糖芥苷的高水平相对应，而甘蓝夜蛾存活率降低与脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷葡萄糖异硫氰酸烯丙酯和黑芥子苷的高水平一致。这两个物种之间的差异可以通过以下事实来解释：专食性的粉纹夜蛾适应以含有硫代葡萄糖苷的植物为食，并进化出了针对脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷的有效解毒系统。不同的甘蓝种群也影响了内寄生蜂的发育。寄主食物植物质量的差异反映在红足侧沟茧蜂的成虫大小和甘蓝夜蛾微体茧蜂的存活率上，进一步表明寄生蜂的表现也受到食草动物饮食的影响。
