Bhattacharjee Rumpa Biswas, Singh Aqbal, Mukhopadhyay S N
Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 100 016, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Aug;80(2):199-209. doi: 10.1007/s00253-008-1567-2. Epub 2008 Jul 4.
The potential of nitrogen-fixing (NF) bacteria to form a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen has been exploited in the field to meet the nitrogen requirement of the latter. This phenomenon provides an alternative to the use of the nitrogenous fertiliser whose excessive and imbalanced use over the decades has contributed to green house emission (N2O) and underground water leaching. Recently, it was observed that non-leguminous plants like rice, sugarcane, wheat and maize form an extended niche for various species of NF bacteria. These bacteria thrive within the plant, successfully colonizing roots, stems and leaves. During the association, the invading bacteria benefit the acquired host with a marked increase in plant growth, vigor and yield. With increasing population, the demand of non-leguminous plant products is growing. In this regard, the richness of NF flora within non-leguminous plants and extent of their interaction with the host definitely shows a ray of hope in developing an ecofriendly alternative to the nitrogenous fertilisers. In this review, we have discussed the association of NF bacteria with various non-leguminous plants emphasizing on their potential to promote host plant growth and yield. In addition, plant growth-promoting traits observed in these NF bacteria and their mode of interaction with the host plant have been described briefly.
固氮细菌与豆科植物形成共生关系并固定大气中氮的潜力已在田间得到利用，以满足后者对氮的需求。这种现象为使用氮肥提供了一种替代方案，几十年来氮肥的过度和不均衡使用导致了温室气体排放（一氧化二氮）和地下水淋溶。最近，人们观察到水稻、甘蔗、小麦和玉米等非豆科植物为各种固氮细菌提供了一个扩展的生态位。这些细菌在植物体内茁壮成长，成功地在根、茎和叶中定殖。在这种共生关系中，入侵的细菌使宿主植物的生长、活力和产量显著增加，从而使宿主受益。随着人口的增加，对非豆科植物产品的需求也在增长。在这方面，非豆科植物中固氮菌群的丰富程度及其与宿主的相互作用程度无疑为开发一种生态友好型氮肥替代品带来了一线希望。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了固氮细菌与各种非豆科植物的共生关系，重点强调了它们促进宿主植物生长和产量的潜力。此外，还简要描述了这些固氮细菌中观察到的促进植物生长的特性及其与宿主植物的相互作用方式。
