Masocco Maria, Pompili Maurizio, Vichi Monica, Vanacore Nicola, Lester David, Tatarelli Roberto
National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy.
Psychiatr Q. 2008 Dec;79(4):275-85. doi: 10.1007/s11126-008-9072-4. Epub 2008 Jul 4.
Completed suicide has been reported as being linked to marital status, with being unmarried associated with a higher suicide rate as compared with being married or living with a partner.
Data were obtained from the Italian Data Base on Mortality, collected by the Italian Census Bureau (ISTAT) and processed by the Italian National Institute of Health-Statistics Unit. The Italian population in the last Italian census (October 2001) was used to estimate age-standardized mortality rates from suicide by marital status (ICD-9 revision: E950-E959) and "natural" causes (ICD-9 revision: 0-280; 320-799). Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using married individuals as a reference. All analyses were conducted separately for men and women and for three different age groups (25-44 years, 45-64 years and 65 years and over) for 2000-2002, the most recent years with data available. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare differences by marital status for suicide versus death from natural causes.
Being married appears to be a protective factor for suicide, but the impact of being never-married, divorced/separated or widowed varies with age and gender. It is noteworthy that the differences between married and non-married women were less consistent than those among men, especially for elderly women. The results confirm that the protective impact of marriage is higher for suicide than for natural causes of death, and the comparison between the risks of suicide and natural causes of death reveals that the groups relatively more at risk for suicide are divorced/separated women, divorced/separated men (under the age of 64) and widowed men.
Both among men and women, being unmarried, widowed or divorced/separated is associated with a higher suicide rate. This study, however, adds information on suicide mortality in specific age-groups compared to mortality from natural causes of death. Overall, these findings support the notion that marital status may dramatically influence the risk of suicide.
据报道，自杀死亡与婚姻状况有关，与已婚或与伴侣同居相比，未婚者的自杀率更高。
数据取自意大利死亡率数据库，该数据库由意大利统计局（ISTAT）收集，并由意大利国家卫生统计研究所进行处理。利用意大利上一次人口普查（2001年10月）中的意大利人口，按婚姻状况（国际疾病分类第九版修订本：E950 - E959）和“自然”原因（国际疾病分类第九版修订本：0 - 280；320 - 799）估算自杀的年龄标准化死亡率。以已婚个体为参照计算率比和95%置信区间。针对2000 - 2002年（可获取数据的最近年份）的男性和女性以及三个不同年龄组（25 - 44岁、45 - 64岁和65岁及以上）分别进行了所有分析。采用逻辑回归分析比较自杀与自然死亡原因在婚姻状况方面的差异。
已婚似乎是自杀的一个保护因素，但未婚、离异/分居或丧偶的影响因年龄和性别而异。值得注意的是，已婚和未婚女性之间的差异不如男性之间的差异那么一致，尤其是老年女性。结果证实，婚姻对自杀的保护作用比对自然死亡原因的保护作用更大，自杀风险与自然死亡原因风险的比较表明，自杀风险相对较高的群体是离异/分居女性、离异/分居男性（64岁以下）和丧偶男性。
无论男性还是女性，未婚、丧偶或离异/分居都与较高的自杀率相关。然而，本研究补充了特定年龄组自杀死亡率与自然死亡原因死亡率相比的信息。总体而言，这些发现支持婚姻状况可能显著影响自杀风险这一观点。
