Rummenie Van Tuan, Matsumoto Yukihiro, Dogru Murat, Wang Yan, Hu Yiqian, Ward Samantha K, Igarashi Ayako, Wakamatsu Tais, Ibrahim Osama, Goto Eiki, Luyten Gré, Inoue Hiroko, Saito Ichiro, Shimazaki Jun, Tsubota Kazuo
Keio University School of Medicine, Johnson & Johnson Ocular Surface and Visual Optics Department, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Cytokine. 2008 Aug;43(2):200-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.05.011. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
To prospectively investigate the effects of acute passive cigarette smoke exposure on the ocular surface and tear film in healthy non-smokers.
Twelve right eyes of 12 subjects without any ocular diseases were examined before, 5 min, and 24h after 5 min of passive cigarette smoke exposure in a controlled smoke chamber. Tear samples were obtained before, 5 min and 24 h after smoke exposure to detect tear hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), acrolein and inflammatory cytokine concentrations. Tear evaporation rate, DR-1 tear film lipid layer interferometry, tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface fluorescein staining (FS) and Rose Bengal staining (RB), Schirmer I test were performed before, 5 min, and 24h after smoke exposure. Conjunctival impression cytology (IC) and brush cytology (BC) were carried out before and 24h after smoke exposure.
Tear evaporation rate, tear lipid spread time, tear film break-up time, and vital staining scores showed significant worsening with passive smoke exposure. Tear HEL and IL-6 concentrations increased significantly 24 h after smoke exposure. Tear acrolein level showed an insignificant increase at 5 min. IC and RT-PCR revealed a significant reduction in goblet cell density, a shift toward higher squamous metaplasia grades and a significant downregulation of MUC5AC mRNA expression at 24 h.
Even brief passive exposure to cigarette smoke in healthy non-smoker subjects was associated with adverse effects on the ocular surface health as evidenced by an increase of tear inflammatory cytokines, tear lipid peroxidation products and decrease of mucosal defense resulting in tear instability and damage to the ocular surface epithelia.
前瞻性研究急性被动吸烟对健康非吸烟者眼表和泪膜的影响。
在可控烟雾舱中，对12名无眼部疾病受试者的12只右眼在被动吸烟5分钟前、5分钟后以及24小时后进行检查。在吸烟暴露前、5分钟后和24小时后采集泪液样本，以检测泪液中己酰赖氨酸（HEL）、丙烯醛和炎性细胞因子的浓度。在吸烟暴露前、5分钟后和24小时后进行泪液蒸发率、DR-1泪膜脂质层干涉测量、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、眼表荧光素染色（FS）和孟加拉玫瑰红染色（RB）、Schirmer I试验。在吸烟暴露前和24小时后进行结膜印片细胞学检查（IC）和刷片细胞学检查（BC）。
泪液蒸发率、泪液脂质扩散时间、泪膜破裂时间和活体染色评分在被动吸烟暴露后显著恶化。吸烟暴露24小时后，泪液HEL和IL-6浓度显著增加。泪液丙烯醛水平在5分钟时呈无显著意义的升高。IC和RT-PCR显示24小时时杯状细胞密度显著降低，鳞状化生程度向更高等级转变，且MUC5AC mRNA表达显著下调。
即使是健康非吸烟者短暂被动接触香烟烟雾也会对眼表健康产生不良影响，表现为泪液炎性细胞因子增加、泪液脂质过氧化产物增加以及黏膜防御功能下降，导致泪液不稳定和眼表上皮损伤。
