Bahrick Lorraine E, Newell Lisa C
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2008 Jul;44(4):983-96. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.983.
Despite the fact that faces are typically seen in the context of dynamic events, there is little research on infants' perception of moving faces. L. E. Bahrick, L. J. Gogate, and I. Ruiz (2002) demonstrated that 5-month-old infants discriminate and remember repetitive actions but not the faces of the women performing the actions. The present research tested an attentional salience explanation for these findings: that dynamic faces are discriminable to infants, but more salient actions compete for attention. Results demonstrated that 5-month-old infants discriminated faces in the context of actions when they had longer familiarization time (Experiment 1) and following habituation to a single person performing 3 different activities (Experiment 2). Further, 7-month-old infants who have had more experience with social events also discriminated faces in the context of actions. Overall, however, discrimination of actions was more robust and occurred earlier in processing time than discrimination of dynamic faces. These findings support an attentional salience hypothesis and indicate that faces are not special in the context of actions in early infancy.
尽管面孔通常是在动态事件的背景下被看到,但关于婴儿对移动面孔的感知的研究却很少。L. E. 巴赫里克、L. J. 戈盖特和I. 鲁伊斯(2002年)证明,5个月大的婴儿能够辨别并记住重复性动作,但记不住执行这些动作的女性的面孔。本研究对这些发现进行了一种注意力显著性解释的测试:动态面孔对婴儿来说是可辨别的,但更显著的动作会争夺注意力。结果表明,5个月大的婴儿在有更长的熟悉时间时(实验1),以及在对一个人执行3种不同活动进行习惯化之后(实验2),能够在动作背景中辨别面孔。此外,对社交事件有更多经验的7个月大的婴儿也能在动作背景中辨别面孔。然而,总体而言,动作辨别比动态面孔辨别更稳健,且在加工时间上出现得更早。这些发现支持了注意力显著性假说,并表明在婴儿早期,面孔在动作背景中并非特殊。