Bahrick Lorraine E, Lickliter Robert, Castellanos Irina, Todd James Torrence
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
Infancy. 2015 Jul-Aug;20(4):377-404. doi: 10.1111/infa.12081.
Research has demonstrated that sensory redundancy (stimulation synchronized across multiple senses) is highly salient and facilitates processing of amodal properties in multimodal events, bootstrapping early perceptual development. The present study is the first to extend this central principle of the intersensory redundancy hypothesis (IRH) to certain types of sensory redundancy (stimulation synchronized within a single sense). Infants were habituated to videos of a toy hammer tapping silently (unimodal control), depicting intersensory redundancy (synchronized with a soundtrack) or intrasensory redundancy (synchronized with another visual event; light flashing or bat tapping). In Experiment 1, 2-month-olds showed both sensory and sensory facilitation (with respect to the unimodal control) for detecting a change in tempo. However, intrasensory facilitation was found when the hammer was synchronized with the light flashing (different motion) but not with the bat tapping (same motion). Experiment 2 tested 3-month-olds using a somewhat easier tempo contrast. Results supported a similarity hypothesis: intrasensory redundancy between two dissimilar events was more effective than that between two similar events for promoting processing of amodal properties. These findings extend the IRH and indicate that in addition to sensory redundancy, sensory redundancy between two synchronized dissimilar visual events is also effective in promoting perceptual processing of amodal event properties.
研究表明,感觉冗余(跨多种感官的同步刺激)非常显著,并有助于处理多模态事件中的非模态属性,从而推动早期感知发展。本研究首次将感觉间冗余假说(IRH)的这一核心原则扩展到某些类型的感觉冗余(单一感官内的同步刺激)。婴儿观看玩具锤无声敲击的视频(单模态对照)、呈现感觉间冗余(与音轨同步)或感觉内冗余(与另一个视觉事件同步;灯光闪烁或蝙蝠敲击)的视频,并使其习惯化。在实验1中,2个月大的婴儿在检测节奏变化时,既表现出感觉促进,也表现出感觉间促进(相对于单模态对照)。然而,当锤子与灯光闪烁(不同运动)同步时,发现了感觉内促进,但与蝙蝠敲击(相同运动)同步时则没有。实验2使用了稍微容易一些的节奏对比来测试3个月大的婴儿。结果支持了相似性假说:两个不同事件之间的感觉内冗余比两个相似事件之间的感觉内冗余在促进非模态属性的处理方面更有效。这些发现扩展了感觉间冗余假说,并表明除了感觉间冗余外,两个同步的不同视觉事件之间的感觉内冗余在促进非模态事件属性的感知处理方面也有效。