Frölich Jan, Döpfner Manfred
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2008 Mar;36(2):109-16. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917.36.2.109.
Both omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a substantial impact on human brain development and function. However, in western industrial countries omega-3 LC-PUFA in particular are often lacking in diets. Increasing evidence indicates that LC-PUFA imbalance or deficiencies may be associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through involvement in the dopaminergic corico-striatal metabolism. Preliminary study result suggest that dietary supplementation with LC-PUFA might be effective in the treatment of ADHD.
This review summarizes the knowledge in terms of a hypothesized pathogenetic relationship between fatty acid metabolism and ADHD and discusses the possible clinical benefit of a primary or combined treatment with LC-PUFA.
Actually it is unclear whether a deficit in intake or metabolism of LC-PUFA may play a major role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Moreover treatment studies yielded conflicting results. A combination of Omega-3 and Omega-6 - fatty acids might attenuate the symptoms of ADHD significantly, thus making this dietary intake useful.
Considerable research has to be done in the future to identify ideal therapeutic combinations and dosages of various fatty acids, and to develop reliable ways of defining those individuals to benefit from this treatment access.
ω-3和ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对人类大脑发育和功能均有重大影响。然而，在西方工业化国家，饮食中常常缺乏ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸。越来越多的证据表明，长链多不饱和脂肪酸失衡或缺乏可能通过参与多巴胺能皮质-纹状体代谢而与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）相关。初步研究结果表明，补充长链多不饱和脂肪酸的饮食可能对ADHD治疗有效。
本综述总结了脂肪酸代谢与ADHD之间假定的致病关系方面的知识，并讨论了长链多不饱和脂肪酸单一治疗或联合治疗可能带来的临床益处。
实际上，尚不清楚长链多不饱和脂肪酸摄入或代谢不足是否在ADHD发病机制中起主要作用。此外，治疗研究结果相互矛盾。ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸的组合可能会显著减轻ADHD症状，因此这种饮食摄入是有益的。
未来必须进行大量研究，以确定各种脂肪酸的理想治疗组合和剂量，并开发可靠的方法来确定哪些个体能从这种治疗中获益。
