Wei M-K, Wu Q-P, Huang Q, Wu J-L, Zhang J-M
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008 Aug;47(2):67-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02387.x. Epub 2008 Jul 8.
To investigate the plasma membrane damage of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) to Candida albicans ATCC10231 at or below the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC).
ClO(2) at MFC or below was adopted to treat the cell suspensions of C. albicans ATCC10231. Using transmission electron microscopy, no visible physiological alteration of cell shape and plasma membrane occurred. Potassium (K(+)) leakages were significant; likewise, it showed time- and dose-dependent increases. However, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakages were very slight. Research shows that when 99% of the cells were inactivated, the leakage was measured at 0.04% of total ATP. Compared with the mortality-specific fluorescent dye of DiBAC(4)(3), majority of the inactivated cells were poorly stained by propidium iodide, another mortality-specific fluorescent dye which can be traced by flow cytometry.
At or below MFC, ClO(2) damages the plasma membranes of C. albicans mainly by permeabilization, rather than by the disruption of their integrity. K(+) leakage and the concomitant depolarization of the cell membrane are some of the critical events.
These insights into membrane damages are helpful in understanding the action mode of ClO(2).
研究二氧化氯（ClO₂）在最低杀菌浓度（MFC）及以下时对白色念珠菌ATCC10231细胞膜的损伤情况。
采用MFC及以下浓度的ClO₂处理白色念珠菌ATCC10231的细胞悬液。通过透射电子显微镜观察，细胞形态和细胞膜未见明显的生理改变。钾离子（K⁺）泄漏显著，且呈时间和剂量依赖性增加。然而，三磷酸腺苷（ATP）泄漏非常轻微。研究表明，当99%的细胞被灭活时，测得的泄漏量为总ATP的0.04%。与DiBAC(4)(3)这种死亡率特异性荧光染料相比，大多数灭活细胞用碘化丙啶（另一种可通过流式细胞术追踪的死亡率特异性荧光染料）染色效果较差。
在MFC及以下时，ClO₂主要通过使细胞膜通透性增加而非破坏其完整性来损伤白色念珠菌的细胞膜。钾离子泄漏和随之而来的细胞膜去极化是一些关键事件。
这些关于膜损伤的见解有助于理解ClO₂的作用模式。
