Golomb Julie D, Peelle Jonathan E, Addis Kelly M, Kahana Michael J, Wingfield Arthur
Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2008 Jul;36(5):947-56. doi: 10.3758/mc.36.5.947.
Older adults show poorer performance than young adults at word list recall, especially for order information. In contrast with this temporal association deficit, older adults are generally adept at using preexisting semantic associations, when present, to aid recall. We compared the use of temporal and semantic associations in young and older adults' word list recall following both free recall and serial recall instructions. Decomposition of serial position curves confirmed that older adults showed weakened use of temporal context in recall in relation to young adults, a difference that was amplified in serial recall. Older adults' temporal associations were also less effective than young adults' when correlated with serial recall performance. The differential age decrement for serial versus free recall was accompanied by a persistent influence of latent semantic associations in the older adults, even when maladaptive for serial recall.
老年人在单词列表回忆方面的表现比年轻人差，尤其是在顺序信息方面。与这种时间关联缺陷形成对比的是，老年人通常善于利用现有的语义关联（如果存在的话）来辅助回忆。我们比较了年轻人和老年人在自由回忆和系列回忆指令后的单词列表回忆中对时间和语义关联的运用。系列位置曲线的分解证实，与年轻人相比，老年人在回忆中对时间背景的运用减弱，这种差异在系列回忆中更为明显。当与系列回忆表现相关联时，老年人的时间关联也不如年轻人有效。系列回忆与自由回忆的年龄差异伴随着潜在语义关联对老年人的持续影响，即使这种关联对系列回忆不利。
