Howard Marc W, Kahana Michael J, Wingfield Arthur
Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Jun;13(3):439-45. doi: 10.3758/bf03193867.
Normal aging has been shown to spare recency effects in the initiation of free recall while disrupting temporally defined associations. The temporal context model (TCM) explains recency and temporally defined associations as consequences of a gradually changing context signal and recovery of those contextual states, respectively. Here we extend TCM to account for the dissociation between recency and temporally defined associations in younger and older adults. Modeling results suggested that the effect of aging was restricted to a decrement in the ability of items to recover the temporal contexts in which they were presented, a function that has been hypothesized to depend on the hippocampus.
研究表明，正常衰老在自由回忆启动时不会影响近因效应，却会破坏时间限定的联想。时间背景模型（TCM）分别将近因效应和时间限定的联想解释为逐渐变化的背景信号以及这些背景状态恢复的结果。在此，我们扩展TCM以解释年轻人和老年人在近因效应和时间限定联想之间的分离。建模结果表明，衰老的影响仅限于物品恢复其呈现时的时间背景的能力下降，而这一功能据推测依赖于海马体。
