Smith P A, King R C
Department of Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Mar;36(3):445-63.
Flies homozygous for the mutant gene fused (fu) are characterized by fused wing veins, a maternal effect upon embryogenesis, and ovarian tumors. A number of mutant alleles have been studied and all exhibit this same syndrome. The rate at which ovarian tumors develop is characteristic for each allele. This rate was shown to be independent of modifying genes and unaffected by the maternal cytoplasm. The rate is also temperature-sensitive, tumors appearing more slowly at 18 than at 25 degrees C. Females heterozygous for all possible combinations of these alleles were produced, and, in all 21, tumors were observed in the compound females. Cases of dominance, complementarity, and interference were observed with reference to certain allelic combinations. A model is proposed to explain the diverse effects on development of the fused gene and also the interaction of the alleles in ovarian development. Females homozygous for fused and either heterozygous or homozygous for the second chromosomal recessive gene female-sterile (fes) were also studied. The fes gene was shown to be epistatic to fu in fu/fu; fes/fes females, and the rate of tumor production was greater in fu/fu; fes/+ females than in fu/fu; +/+ females. A mechanism for the action of fu and fes in controlling cell division is presented.
纯合突变基因融合（fu）的果蝇具有翅脉融合、胚胎发生的母体效应和卵巢肿瘤的特征。已经研究了许多突变等位基因，它们都表现出相同的综合征。卵巢肿瘤发生的速率对于每个等位基因来说都是特有的。该速率被证明独立于修饰基因，且不受母体细胞质的影响。该速率也对温度敏感，在18摄氏度时肿瘤出现得比在25摄氏度时更慢。产生了这些等位基因所有可能组合的杂合雌性果蝇，并且在所有21只复合雌性果蝇中都观察到了肿瘤。参照某些等位基因组合观察到了显性、互补和干扰的情况。提出了一个模型来解释融合基因对发育的不同影响以及等位基因在卵巢发育中的相互作用。还研究了纯合融合且对第二条染色体隐性基因雌性不育（fes）为杂合或纯合的雌性果蝇。在fu/fu; fes/fes雌性果蝇中，fes基因被证明对fu是上位性的，并且在fu/fu; fes/+雌性果蝇中肿瘤产生的速率比在fu/fu; +/+雌性果蝇中更高。提出了fu和fes在控制细胞分裂中的作用机制。
