Hunt A G
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;326:151-77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-76776-3_9.
Messenger RNA 3' end formation is an integral step in the process that gives rise to mature, translated messenger RNAs in eukaryotes. With this step, a pre-messenger RNA is processed and polyadenylated, giving rise to a mature mRNA bearing the characteristic poly(A) tract. The poly(A) tract is a fundamental feature of mRNAs, participating in the process of translation initiation and being the focus of control mechanisms that define the lifetime of mRNAs. Thus messenger RNA 3' end formation impacts two steps in mRNA biogenesis and function. Moreover, mRNA 3' end formation is something of a bridge that integrates numerous other steps in mRNA biogenesis and function. While the process is essential for the expression of most genes, it is also one that is subject to various forms of regulation, such that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression may be modulated via the polyadenylation complex. In this review, the current status of understanding of mRNA 3' end formation in plants is discussed. In particular, the nature of mRNA 3' ends in plants is reviewed, as are recent studies that are beginning to yield insight into the functioning and regulation of plant polyadenylation factor subunits.
信使核糖核酸（mRNA）3' 末端形成是真核生物中产生成熟的、可翻译的信使核糖核酸这一过程的一个不可或缺的步骤。通过这一步骤，前体信使核糖核酸被加工并进行多聚腺苷酸化，从而产生带有特征性多聚（A）尾的成熟信使核糖核酸。多聚（A）尾是信使核糖核酸的一个基本特征，参与翻译起始过程，并且是决定信使核糖核酸寿命的调控机制的核心。因此，信使核糖核酸3' 末端形成影响信使核糖核酸生物合成和功能中的两个步骤。此外，信使核糖核酸3' 末端形成有点像一座桥梁，整合了信使核糖核酸生物合成和功能中的许多其他步骤。虽然这一过程对于大多数基因的表达至关重要，但它也是一个受到多种形式调控的过程，以至于基因表达的数量和质量方面都可以通过多聚腺苷酸化复合体进行调节。在这篇综述中，讨论了目前对植物中信使核糖核酸3' 末端形成的理解现状。特别是，综述了植物中信使核糖核酸3' 末端的性质，以及最近开始深入了解植物多聚腺苷酸化因子亚基功能和调控的研究。
