College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3300. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073300.
Most protein-coding genes in eukaryotes possess at least two poly(A) sites, and alternative polyadenylation is considered a contributing factor to transcriptomic and proteomic diversity. Following transcription, a nascent RNA usually undergoes capping, splicing, cleavage, and polyadenylation, resulting in a mature messenger RNA (mRNA); however, increasing evidence suggests that transcription and RNA processing are coupled. Plants, which must produce rapid responses to environmental changes because of their limited mobility, exhibit such coupling. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the coupling of transcription with RNA processing in plants, and we describe the possible spatial environment and important proteins involved. Moreover, we describe how liquid-liquid phase separation, mediated by the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and RNA processing factors with intrinsically disordered regions, enables efficient co-transcriptional mRNA processing in plants.
真核生物中的大多数蛋白质编码基因至少拥有两个 poly(A) 位点，可变多聚腺苷酸化被认为是转录组和蛋白质组多样性的一个促成因素。在转录之后，新生 RNA 通常经历加帽、剪接、切割和多聚腺苷酸化，从而产生成熟的信使 RNA（mRNA）；然而，越来越多的证据表明转录和 RNA 处理是偶联的。由于其移动性有限，植物必须对环境变化做出快速反应，因此表现出这种偶联。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们对植物中转录与 RNA 处理偶联的理解的最新进展，并描述了可能涉及的空间环境和重要蛋白质。此外，我们还描述了如何通过 RNA 聚合酶 II 的 C 末端结构域和具有无规卷曲区域的 RNA 处理因子介导的液-液相分离，在植物中实现有效的共转录 mRNA 处理。
