Chen Zhiguo, Palmer Theo D
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Apr 15;17(R1):R84-92. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn104.
Cellular repair is a promising strategy for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Several strategies have been contemplated including replacement of neurons or glia that have been lost due to injury or disease, use of cellular grafts to modify or augment the functions of remaining neurons and/or use of cellular grafts to protect neural tissue by local delivery of growth or trophic factors. Depending on the specific disease target, there may be one or many cell types that could be considered for therapy. In each case, an additional variable must be considered--the role of the immune system in both the injury process itself and in the response to incoming cells. Cellular transplants can be roughly categorized into autografts, allografts and xenografts. Despite the immunological privilege of the CNS, allografts and xenografts can elicit activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. In this article, we evaluate the various effects that immune cells and signals may have on the survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration/integration of transplanted cells in therapeutic approaches to CNS injury and disease.
细胞修复是治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的一种很有前景的策略。已经考虑了几种策略，包括替换因损伤或疾病而丢失的神经元或神经胶质细胞，使用细胞移植来改变或增强剩余神经元的功能，和/或使用细胞移植通过局部递送生长因子或营养因子来保护神经组织。根据特定的疾病靶点，可能有 一种或多种细胞类型可被考虑用于治疗。在每种情况下，还必须考虑另一个变量——免疫系统在损伤过程本身以及对移入细胞的反应中的作用。细胞移植大致可分为自体移植、同种异体移植和异种移植。尽管中枢神经系统具有免疫特权，但同种异体移植和异种移植仍可引发先天性和适应性免疫系统的激活。在本文中，我们评估了免疫细胞和信号在中枢神经系统损伤和疾病治疗方法中，对移植细胞的存活、增殖、分化和迁移/整合可能产生的各种影响。
