Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
PM R. 2011 Jun;3(6 Suppl 1):S117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.02.011.
The central nervous system (CNS) has limited capacity for self-repair. Current treatments are often incapable of reversing the debilitating effects of CNS diseases that result in permanent and/or progressive physical and cognitive impairments. One promising repair strategy is transplantation of stem cells, which can potentially replace lost neurons and/or glia or promote repair through secretion of trophic factors. Various types of stem cells exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Although no consensus exists regarding the optimal cell type to use, moderate functional improvements have been shown in animal models of CNS diseases using different types of stem cells. However, the precise mechanism of action behind their beneficial effects remains unknown. In addition, many barriers to clinical use still need to be resolved before transplantation of stem cells can be used as effective biologics. These barriers include--depending on the stem cell type--possible tumor formation, difficulty with harvest, limited in vivo differentiation and integration, and ethical issues regarding use.
中枢神经系统（CNS）自我修复的能力有限。目前的治疗方法往往无法逆转导致永久性和/或进行性身体和认知障碍的中枢神经系统疾病的衰弱影响。一种有前途的修复策略是移植干细胞，它可以潜在地替代丢失的神经元和/或神经胶质细胞，或通过分泌营养因子来促进修复。存在各种类型的干细胞，每种都有其自身的优点和缺点。尽管对于使用哪种最佳细胞类型尚未达成共识，但使用不同类型的干细胞在中枢神经系统疾病的动物模型中已经显示出适度的功能改善。然而，其有益效果的确切作用机制仍然未知。此外，在将干细胞用作有效的生物制剂之前，仍需要解决许多临床应用的障碍。这些障碍包括——取决于干细胞类型——可能的肿瘤形成、收获困难、体内分化和整合有限，以及使用方面的伦理问题。
