Decaro Nicola, Buonavoglia Canio
Department of Public Health and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
Vet Microbiol. 2008 Dec 10;132(3-4):221-34. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.007. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
The emergence of human severe acute respiratory syndrome incited renewed interest in animal coronaviruses (CoVs) as potential agents of direct and indirect zoonoses. The reinforced epidemiological surveillance on CoVs has led to the identification of new viruses, genotypes, pathotypes and host variants in animals and humans. In dogs, a CoV associated with mild enteritis, canine coronavirus (CCoV), has been known since 1970s. CoV strains with different biological and genetic properties with respect to classical CCoV strains have been identified in dogs in the last few years, leading to a full reconsideration of the CoV-induced canine diseases. The genetic evolution of dog CoVs is paradigmatic of how CoVs evolve through accumulation of point mutations, insertions or deletions in the viral genome, that led to the emergence of new genotypes (CCoV type I), biotypes (pantropic CCoV) and host variants (canine respiratory coronavirus). This paper is a review of the current literature on the recent genetic evolution of CCoV and emergence of new CoVs in the dog. The significances of the newly acquired information for the canine health status and prophylaxis programmes are also discussed.
人类严重急性呼吸综合征的出现，引发了人们对动物冠状病毒（CoVs）作为直接和间接人畜共患病潜在病原体的新关注。对CoVs加强的流行病学监测已导致在动物和人类中发现新的病毒、基因型、致病型和宿主变体。在犬类中，一种与轻度肠炎相关的冠状病毒，即犬冠状病毒（CCoV），自20世纪70年代以来就已为人所知。在过去几年里，在犬类中发现了与经典CCoV毒株具有不同生物学和遗传特性的CoV毒株，这导致了对CoV引起的犬类疾病的全面重新审视。犬CoVs的基因进化是CoVs如何通过病毒基因组中单个点突变、插入或缺失的积累而进化的典型例子，这导致了新基因型（CCoV I型）、生物型（泛嗜性CCoV）和宿主变体（犬呼吸道冠状病毒）的出现。本文是对当前关于CCoV近期基因进化以及犬类中新CoVs出现的文献综述。还讨论了新获得的信息对犬类健康状况和预防计划的意义。
