Frawley Dody A, Samaan Marian N, Bull Robert L, Robertson James M, Mateczun Alfred J, Turnbull Peter C B
Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2008 Sep;53(5):1102-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00811.x. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
The 2001 anthrax letter cases brought into focus the need to establish the most effective environmental sampling procedures. Results are presented from two studies aimed at establishing the best procedures for everyday surfaces likely to be contaminated after the release of environmentally stable bioaggressive agents, as exemplified by anthrax spores and ricin. With anthrax spores, contact plates, with mean retrieval rates of 28-54%, performed better than other methods by a wide margin for flat nonporous, nonabsorbent surfaces. They also proved best on flat porous, absorbent materials, although recoveries were low (<7%). For both agents, dry devices (swabs, wipes, Trace Evidence Collection Filters) had universally poor retrieval efficiencies with no significant differences between them. Among moistened devices (wipes, swabs, and Sample Collection and Recovery Devices), wipes were generally best, albeit with considerable cross-over among individual readings (highest mean recoveries for anthrax spores and ricin 5.5% and 2.5%, respectively, off plastic).
2001年的炭疽信件事件使人们开始关注建立最有效的环境采样程序的必要性。本文展示了两项研究的结果，旨在确定针对日常表面的最佳采样程序，这些表面在释放环境稳定的生物攻击性制剂（如炭疽孢子和蓖麻毒素）后可能受到污染。对于炭疽孢子，接触平板在平整、无孔、不吸水的表面上表现出色，平均回收率为28%至54%，比其他方法高出很多。在平整、多孔、吸水的材料上，接触平板也被证明是最佳选择，尽管回收率较低（<7%）。对于这两种制剂，干式采样设备（拭子、擦拭布、微量证据收集过滤器）的回收效率普遍较差，且它们之间没有显著差异。在湿润的采样设备（擦拭布、拭子和样品收集与回收设备）中，擦拭布通常是最好的，尽管个别读数之间存在相当大的交叉（炭疽孢子和蓖麻毒素在塑料表面上的最高平均回收率分别为5.5%和2.5%）。
