Endler N S, Parker J D, Bagby R M, Cox B J
Department of Psychology, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Jun;60(6):919-26. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.60.6.919.
The Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) are derived from an interactional model of personality that proposes that anxiety is a function of the interaction of person and situation variables. The EMAS distinguish between state and trait anxiety and assume that both are multidimensional constructs. The EMAS were administered to 2,009 students in a neutral situation. Three factor analyses were performed to clarify the empirical relation between state and trait anxiety and the variables within the 2 domains. Results support the distinction between state and trait anxiety. Factor analysis of the state items provided support for the separate dimensions of cognitive and autonomic state anxiety. Factor analysis of the trait items provided support for trait anxiety multidimensionality. Four congruent factors were associated with increases in state anxiety in 4 general situations: Social Evaluation, Physical Danger, Ambiguous, and Daily Routines.
恩德勒多维焦虑量表（EMAS）源自一种人格交互模型，该模型提出焦虑是个人变量与情境变量相互作用的函数。EMAS区分状态焦虑和特质焦虑，并假定两者都是多维结构。在中性情境下，对2009名学生施测了EMAS。进行了三次因素分析，以阐明状态焦虑和特质焦虑之间以及这两个领域内变量之间的实证关系。结果支持状态焦虑和特质焦虑之间的区分。对状态项目的因素分析为认知状态焦虑和自主状态焦虑的不同维度提供了支持。对特质项目的因素分析为特质焦虑的多维性提供了支持。在四种一般情境中，有四个一致的因素与状态焦虑的增加相关：社会评价、身体危险、模糊情境和日常惯例。
