Mothersill K J, Dobson K S, Neufeld R W
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Sep;51(3):640-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.3.640.
The interactional model of anxiety states that individuals who score high on trait anxiety measure for a specific situation dimension will respond with elevated state anxiety only in reaction to encounters with congruent situations. We tested this model by presenting subjects who scored high or low on ego threat, physical danger, novelty ambiguity, and daily routine trait measures with stressors representative of the four situation dimensions. The interactional model was partially supported for ego threat trait anxiety. However, results generally supported the influence of situation rather than the trait or interaction on anxiety response. The lack of trait factor independence for the novelty ambiguity and daily routine trait dimensions is discussed as a potential reason for the nonsupport of the interactional model. Finally, we suggest that the experimental design used in this study is a more accurate and vigorous test of the differential hypothesis than past research.
焦虑的交互模型表明，在特定情境维度的特质焦虑测量中得分高的个体，只有在面对与之相符的情境时，才会以升高的状态焦虑做出反应。我们通过向在自我威胁、身体危险、新奇模糊性和日常惯例特质测量中得分高或低的受试者呈现代表这四个情境维度的应激源，来检验这一模型。对于自我威胁特质焦虑，交互模型得到了部分支持。然而，结果总体上支持情境对焦虑反应的影响，而非特质或交互作用的影响。新奇模糊性和日常惯例特质维度缺乏特质因素独立性，被认为是交互模型未得到支持的一个潜在原因。最后，我们认为本研究中使用的实验设计比以往研究更准确、有力地检验了差异假设。
