Patenteu Ionuț, Predoiu Radu, Makarowski Ryszard, Predoiu Alexandra, Piotrowski Andrzej, Geambașu Adina, Nica Sarah Adriana
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Teachers' Training Department, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 30;14:1134829. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134829. eCollection 2023.
Trait anxiety (A-trait) can be seen as a multiplicative function of the person-situation interaction. Considering risk-taking behavior (R-TB), literature highlights instrumental and stimulating risk. The aim of the research is to investigate the level of A-trait (in physically dangerous conditions and in new, unusual situations) and the level of R-TB (instrumental and stimulating risk) in athletes, and to verify to what extent A-trait and risk-taking behavior predict injury severity.
One hundred and fifty-four senior martial arts athletes from grappling combat sports, striking combat sports and mixed martial artists (MMA) participated in the study. For assessing trait anxiety and risk-taking behavior, the Romanian adaptation of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS), respectively the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire were used.
Using multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences between athletes (according to the sports disciplines practiced), in terms of A-trait and R-TB, were examined. Next, we checked the existing correlations between injury severity, A-trait and R-TB scores in athletes practicing striking combat sports, grappling combat sports and MMA. To verify whether there are significant differences in terms of trait anxiety, stimulating and instrumental risk between athletes who have suffered mild, moderate and/or severe injuries and athletes who have suffered only minor/mild injuries, t-Test for Independent Samples was used. Binomial logistic regression procedures were, also, performed, predicting athletes' likelihood of injury, based on R-TB and A-trait.
A moderate or slightly below average level of anxiety in new, unusual situations and a higher level of instrumental risk are linked with a decreased likelihood of severe injuries in athletes. Martial arts athletes (in entire sample) who have suffered more severe injuries are more adrenaline-seeking in competition and use less rational thinking, taking more pleasure in just performing technical executions, regardless of the outcome.
特质焦虑（A-特质）可被视为个人与情境相互作用的乘积函数。考虑到冒险行为（R-TB），文献强调了工具性风险和刺激性风险。本研究的目的是调查运动员在身体危险状况和新的、不寻常情境下的A-特质水平以及R-TB水平（工具性风险和刺激性风险），并验证A-特质和冒险行为在多大程度上可预测损伤严重程度。
154名来自格斗类搏击运动、打击类搏击运动和综合格斗（MMA）的高级武术运动员参与了本研究。为评估特质焦虑和冒险行为，分别使用了恩德勒多维焦虑量表（EMAS）的罗马尼亚语改编版以及马卡罗夫斯基的刺激性和工具性风险问卷的罗马尼亚语改编版。
使用多变量方差分析，检验了运动员（根据所从事的运动项目）在A-特质和R-TB方面的显著差异。接下来，我们检查了从事打击类搏击运动、格斗类搏击运动和MMA的运动员的损伤严重程度、A-特质和R-TB得分之间的现有相关性。为验证在遭受轻度、中度和/或重度损伤的运动员与仅遭受轻微/轻度损伤的运动员之间，在特质焦虑、刺激性风险和工具性风险方面是否存在显著差异，使用了独立样本t检验。还进行了二项逻辑回归程序，根据R-TB和A-特质预测运动员受伤的可能性。
在新的、不寻常情境下处于中等或略低于平均水平的焦虑以及较高水平的工具性风险与运动员严重受伤可能性降低有关。在整个样本中，遭受更严重损伤的武术运动员在比赛中更追求肾上腺素刺激，较少运用理性思维，更多地从单纯执行技术动作中获得乐趣，而不顾及结果。
