Lenaerts Liesbeth, De Clercq Erik, Naesens Lieve
Division of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Rev Med Virol. 2008 Nov-Dec;18(6):357-74. doi: 10.1002/rmv.589.
Adenoviruses (Ads) are common opportunistic pathogens that are rarely associated with severe clinical symptoms in healthy individuals. In contrast, in patients with compromised immunity, Ad infections often result in disseminated and potentially life-threatening disease. Among these are AIDS patients, individuals with hereditary immunodeficiencies and recipients of solid organ or haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) who receive immunosuppressive therapy. The latter account for the largest number of severe Ad infections. There is currently no formally approved antiviral therapy for the treatment of severe Ad keratoconjunctivitis and life-threatening Ad infections in immunocompromised patients. Here we update current knowledge on Ad biology, the clinical features observed in different patient groups and specific immune responses towards Ad infections. In addition, we review current and future treatment options, including: (i) the antiviral drugs cidofovir, ribavirin and new investigational compounds, as evaluated in the clinic or in relevant animal models, as well as (ii) novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
腺病毒是常见的机会性病原体，在健康个体中很少引发严重临床症状。相比之下，在免疫功能受损的患者中，腺病毒感染常导致播散性疾病，甚至可能危及生命。这些患者包括艾滋病患者、遗传性免疫缺陷个体以及接受免疫抑制治疗的实体器官移植或造血干细胞移植（HSCT）受者。后者是严重腺病毒感染的最大群体。目前，尚无正式批准的抗病毒疗法用于治疗严重的腺病毒角膜结膜炎以及免疫功能低下患者中危及生命的腺病毒感染。在此，我们更新了关于腺病毒生物学、不同患者群体中观察到的临床特征以及针对腺病毒感染的特异性免疫反应的现有知识。此外，我们还综述了当前和未来的治疗选择，包括：（i）已在临床或相关动物模型中评估的抗病毒药物西多福韦、利巴韦林和新型研究性化合物，以及（ii）新型免疫治疗策略。
