Dillhoff Mary, Wojcik Sylwia E, Bloomston Mark
Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
J Surg Res. 2009 Jun 15;154(2):349-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.046. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs (approximately 20-22 nucleotides) that have critical functions in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. These evolutionarily conserved RNA sequences are the result of a complex sequence of processing steps, which can regulate the expression of tens, and even hundreds, of genes. Their regulatory effect is based upon the degree of complementarity between the mature miRNA and the 3' untranslated region region of the target mRNA resulting in either complete degradation or translational inhibition of the target mRNA. In vertebrates they are often tissue specific in their expression patterns and dysregulated in malignancies. Thus, miRNA profiling has been used to create signatures for many solid malignancies. These profiles have been used to not only classify tumors, but also to help predict survival and outcome. Herein, we review the role of miRNAs in the development and progression of solid tumors.
微小RNA（miRNA或miR）是小的非编码RNA（约20 - 22个核苷酸），在细胞增殖、凋亡和分化中发挥关键作用。这些进化上保守的RNA序列是一系列复杂加工步骤的结果，可调控数十甚至数百个基因的表达。它们的调控作用基于成熟miRNA与靶mRNA的3'非翻译区之间的互补程度，导致靶mRNA完全降解或翻译抑制。在脊椎动物中，它们的表达模式通常具有组织特异性，且在恶性肿瘤中表达失调。因此，miRNA谱已被用于为许多实体恶性肿瘤创建特征图谱。这些图谱不仅用于肿瘤分类，还有助于预测生存和预后。在此，我们综述miRNA在实体肿瘤发生和发展中的作用。
