Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouyiXilu, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2019 Oct;23(5):579-601. doi: 10.1007/s40291-019-00410-4.
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second highest morbid malignancy of the urinary tract and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. BC is highly malignant with significant morbidity and mortality, especially muscle-invasive BC (MIBC), which has a poor prognosis and frequently recurs after the first resection. Therefore, more sensitive diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic methods are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes by repressing their translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. miRNAs play very important roles in regulating genes related to tumorigenesis, tumor development, progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, an increasing number of miRNAs with aberrant expression between either BC patients and healthy volunteers or between BC tumor tissues and matched peripheral control tissues have been recently examined. The tumor etiopathogenesis must be determined to promote the development of new markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools and targets for bladder tumor therapy, it is therefore vital to elucidate the function of miRNAs with aberrant expression in BC. In the present study, we examined the published data of BC-related miRNAs by reviewing their expression levels, possible functions, potential target genes, related molecular regulatory networks, candidate markers for prognosis and diagnosis, and prospective therapeutic cases, and we summarized the status of research on BC-related miRNAs in recent years.
膀胱癌（BC）是第二高发的泌尿道恶性肿瘤，也是全球第五大常见癌症。BC 恶性程度高，发病率和死亡率高，尤其是肌肉浸润性 BC（MIBC），预后差，首次切除后常复发。因此，迫切需要更敏感的诊断工具和有效的治疗方法。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小的非编码 RNA，通过以序列特异性的方式抑制蛋白质编码基因的翻译或切割 RNA 转录物来调节蛋白质编码基因的表达。miRNA 在调节与肿瘤发生、肿瘤发展、进展、转移和血管生成相关的基因方面发挥着非常重要的作用。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展，越来越多的研究检查了 BC 患者与健康志愿者之间或 BC 肿瘤组织与匹配的外周对照组织之间表达异常的 miRNA。必须确定肿瘤发病机制，以促进新的标志物的发展，作为诊断和预后工具以及膀胱肿瘤治疗的靶点，因此阐明表达异常的 miRNA 在 BC 中的功能至关重要。在本研究中，我们通过查阅 BC 相关 miRNA 的表达水平、可能的功能、潜在靶基因、相关分子调控网络、预后和诊断的候选标志物以及潜在治疗案例，对已发表的 BC 相关 miRNA 数据进行了综述，总结了近年来 BC 相关 miRNA 的研究现状。
