Popesku Jason T, Martyniuk Christopher J, Mennigen Jan, Xiong Huiling, Zhang Dapeng, Xia Xuhua, Cossins Andrew R, Trudeau Vance L
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008 Oct 10;293(1-2):43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.06.017. Epub 2008 Jul 5.
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) are excellent model organisms for the neuroendocrine signaling and the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. Goldfish also serve as useful model organisms in numerous other fields. In contrast to mammals, teleost fish do not have a median eminence; the anterior pituitary is innervated by numerous neuronal cell types and thus, pituitary hormone release is directly regulated. Here we briefly describe the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone. Stimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and a multitude of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides is opposed by the potent inhibitory actions of dopamine. The stimulatory actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin are also discussed. We will focus on the development of a cDNA microarray composed of carp and goldfish sequences which has allowed us to examine neurotransmitter-regulated gene expression in the neuroendocrine brain and to investigate potential genomic interactions between these key neurotransmitter systems. We observed that isotocin (fish homologue of oxytocin) and activins are regulated by multiple neurotransmitters, which is discussed in light of their roles in reproduction in other species. We have also found that many novel and uncharacterized goldfish expressed sequence tags in the brain are also regulated by neurotransmitters. Their sites of production and whether they play a role in neuroendocrine signaling and control of reproduction remain to be determined. The transcriptomic tools developed to study reproduction could also be used to advance our understanding of neuroendocrine-immune interactions and the relationship between growth and food intake in fish.
金鱼（Carassius auratus）是研究脊椎动物神经内分泌信号传导和生殖调节的优秀模式生物。金鱼在许多其他领域也作为有用的模式生物。与哺乳动物不同，硬骨鱼没有正中隆起；腺垂体由多种神经元细胞类型支配，因此垂体激素的释放受到直接调节。在此，我们简要描述促黄体生成素的神经内分泌控制。促性腺激素释放激素以及多种经典神经递质和神经肽的刺激作用，会被多巴胺的强效抑制作用所抵消。还讨论了γ-氨基丁酸和5-羟色胺的刺激作用。我们将重点介绍一种由鲤鱼和金鱼序列组成的cDNA微阵列的开发，它使我们能够检测神经内分泌脑中神经递质调节的基因表达，并研究这些关键神经递质系统之间潜在的基因组相互作用。我们观察到，异催产素（催产素的鱼类同源物）和激活素受多种神经递质调节，鉴于它们在其他物种生殖中的作用，对此进行了讨论。我们还发现，许多在脑中的金鱼新的和未表征的表达序列标签也受神经递质调节。它们的产生部位以及是否在神经内分泌信号传导和生殖控制中发挥作用仍有待确定。为研究生殖而开发的转录组学工具，也可用于增进我们对鱼类神经内分泌-免疫相互作用以及生长与食物摄入之间关系的理解。
