Jang Yuri, Kim Giyeon, Chiriboga David, Kallimanis Bellinda
Department of Aging and Mental Health, University of South Florida.
J Aging Stud. 2007 Aug;21(3):267-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2006.10.004.
With the growth of immigrant populations and the increasing awareness and appreciation for the cultural diversity in the U.S., the present study assessed a model of acculturation with a sample of Korean American older adults. We addressed a bidimensional model of acculturation, considering both orientations toward home and host-cultures, and assessed the relevance of Berry's four-cell typology of acculturation (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization). Based on the unique characteristics of the present sample, including that they were all born in Korea and had been exposed to their home culture for a substantial amount of time, we hypothesized that their orientation towards original culture would be strong and that simple application of Berry's four-cell typology would not be relevant. As expected, scores on Korean orientation were distributed toward the high end of the scale, suggesting a high level of familiarity and adherence to the original culture; scores on American orientation were correspondingly low. Cluster analysis showed that a two-cluster model was an optimal group classification in the sample used in this investigation. The groups were identified as "integrated group" and "separated group." Compared to the separated group, integrated group was more likely to be younger, married, and educated. More years of residence in the U.S. and better physical and mental health were observed among those who were integrated. The findings call attention to the needs to consider the unique nature of immigrant samples in order to adequately apply the acculturation typologies.
随着美国移民人口的增长以及对美国文化多样性的认识和重视程度不断提高，本研究以韩裔美国老年人为样本，评估了一种文化适应模式。我们探讨了一种文化适应的二维模型，同时考虑对母文化和东道国文化的取向，并评估了贝里文化适应四分类法（整合、同化、分离和边缘化）的相关性。基于本样本的独特特征，包括他们都出生在韩国且长时间接触母文化，我们假设他们对原文化的取向会很强，并且简单应用贝里的四分类法并不适用。正如预期的那样，韩国取向得分分布在量表的高端，表明对原文化有高度的熟悉度和认同感；美国取向得分相应较低。聚类分析表明，双聚类模型是本研究样本中的最佳分组方式。这些组被确定为“整合组”和“分离组”。与分离组相比，整合组更可能年龄较小、已婚且受过教育。整合者在美国居住的时间更长，身心健康状况更好。研究结果提醒人们，为了充分应用文化适应类型学，需要考虑移民样本的独特性质。
