Tannock G A, Shafren D R
Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Avian Pathol. 1994 Dec;23(4):603-20. doi: 10.1080/03079459408419031.
Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) is a picornavirus with a predilection for the central nervous system and other parenchymous organs of chickens that is transmitted by the oral-faecal route. The virus may be spread by the vertical and horizontal routes and, because of its great stability, contaminated areas may remain infectious for long periods. The egg-adapted Van Roekel strain is highly neurotropic and does not grow efficiently in the enteric tract of the chicken. Despite this, the virion polypeptides of both naturally-occurring strains and the Van Roekel strain are antigenically identical, and there is only one virus serotype. Natural infection by AEV induces a multi-organ disease with similarities in its pathogenesis for chickens to that of Coxsackie B3 in neonatal and infant mice. Field isolates of AEV can be adapted to grow in chicken embryo brain cultures, but virus growth is highly cell-associated. Simple reliable antibody assays to determine the presence of recent infections or to assess vaccine efficacy were not available until comparatively recently when antibody detection assays, many involving the use of chick embryos, were replaced by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Effective vaccination programmes employing live, highly enterotropic strains of AEV, have greatly reduced the incidence of the disease.
禽脑脊髓炎病毒（AEV）是一种嗜肝DNA病毒科病毒，主要侵袭鸡的中枢神经系统和其他实质器官，通过粪口途径传播。该病毒可通过垂直和水平途径传播，并且由于其稳定性高，受污染区域可能长期具有传染性。适应鸡胚的范罗克尔毒株具有高度嗜神经性，在鸡的肠道中不能有效生长。尽管如此，自然发生的毒株和范罗克尔毒株的病毒粒子多肽在抗原性上是相同的，并且只有一种病毒血清型。AEV的自然感染会引发多器官疾病，其发病机制与新生和幼年小鼠的柯萨奇B3病毒相似。AEV的野外分离株可以适应在鸡胚脑培养物中生长，但病毒生长与细胞高度相关。直到最近，当许多涉及使用鸡胚的抗体检测方法被酶联免疫吸附测定法取代时，才出现了简单可靠的抗体检测方法来确定近期感染的存在或评估疫苗效果。采用高肠道嗜性的AEV活毒株的有效疫苗接种计划已大大降低了该病的发病率。
