Fuss F K
Institute of Anatomy (1st Department) of University of Vienna, Austria.
Anat Rec. 1991 Jun;230(2):283-9. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092300217.
Each of the cruciate ligaments contains functionally different fiber groups; one fiber bundle is always taut; numerous others are taut in intermediate or extreme positions. The bulk of the fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is taut in maximal extension, while that of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is taut in the intermediate positions and in maximal flexion. Fibers taut in extreme positions serve as restraints: during hyperextension, the ACL restrains forward migration of its tibial attachment, while the PCL interacts with other structures to prevent posterior opening of the joint. The inverse situation occurs in hyperflexion. Cruciate fibers are dissimilar in length and angular arrangement so that, when movements are restrained, they lengthen to different extents. To define this phenomenon in quantitative terms, the term isokolyons was coined for lines from which fibers showing identical elongation in percentage on exposure to a force take their origin.
每条交叉韧带都包含功能不同的纤维组；其中一束纤维始终处于紧张状态；其他许多纤维在中间或极端位置时处于紧张状态。前交叉韧带（ACL）的大部分纤维在最大伸展时处于紧张状态，而后交叉韧带（PCL）的大部分纤维在中间位置和最大屈曲时处于紧张状态。在极端位置时处于紧张状态的纤维起到限制作用：在过度伸展时，ACL限制其胫骨附着点向前移动，而PCL与其他结构相互作用以防止关节向后张开。在过度屈曲时情况相反。交叉韧带的纤维在长度和角度排列上各不相同，因此当运动受到限制时，它们会伸长到不同程度。为了从数量上定义这一现象，“等伸长线”这一术语被创造出来，用于表示在受力时伸长百分比相同的纤维的起始线。
