Fuss F K
Institute of Anatomy, University of Vienna, Austria.
J Anat. 1992 Apr;180 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):297-304.
The mechanisms solely responsible for automatic rotation during terminal extension were investigated by means of destruction experiments on knee joint structures. These are the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the curvature of the medial femoral condyle. The first mechanism is based on the extraordinary obliquity of the constantly taut PCL guiding bundle, which produces torque in the final extension stage. The second mechanism depends on the fact that the ACL becomes 'too short' towards the final extension stage, which in turn is due to the shape of the articular surfaces. The third mechanism is caused by the deflection of the medial femoral condyle by the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. Each of the collateral ligaments can, in their own right, prevent excessive automatic rotation. On the one hand, the mechanism of the automatic rotation is reversed during initial flexion by the medial collateral ligament (this would be 'too short' in the case of nonreversal). On the other hand, it is reversed by the popliteus muscle. It is suggested that automatic rotation is not related to securing an amuscular stance (locking mechanism).
通过对膝关节结构进行破坏实验，研究了在终末伸展过程中单独导致自动旋转的机制。这些机制包括后交叉韧带（PCL）、前交叉韧带（ACL）和股骨内侧髁的曲率。第一种机制基于持续拉紧的PCL引导束的异常倾斜，这在终末伸展阶段产生扭矩。第二种机制取决于这样一个事实，即ACL在终末伸展阶段变得“太短”，这反过来又归因于关节面的形状。第三种机制是由胫骨髁间隆起使股骨内侧髁发生偏转而引起的。每条侧副韧带本身都可以防止过度的自动旋转。一方面，在初始屈曲过程中，内侧副韧带会逆转自动旋转机制（如果不逆转，内侧副韧带在这种情况下会“太短”）。另一方面，腘肌也会逆转自动旋转机制。有人认为，自动旋转与维持无肌肉支撑的姿势（锁定机制）无关。
