The value of repeat testicular sperm retrieval in azoospermic men.

To determine the predictive value of a previous testicular biopsy to the chance of sperm retrieval in the next testicular sperm extraction (TESE) procedure, we retrospectively analyzed the outcome of past sperm collection procedures and histopathology diagnoses of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Repeated TESE ensured a high recovery rate (96%) when the first recovery procedure had been successful and when hypospermatogenesis was diagnosed (77%); when no spermatozoa were found on the first attempt, a repeat TESE procedure was successful in one-third of the patients.