Glawe Dean A
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University and College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2008;46:27-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.46.081407.104740.
The past decade has seen fundamental changes in our understanding of powdery mildews (Erysiphales). Research on molecular phylogeny demonstrated that Erysiphales are Leotiomycetes (inoperculate discomycetes) rather than Pyrenomycetes or Plectomycetes. Life cycles are surprisingly variable, including both sexual and asexual states, or only sexual states, or only asexual states. At least one species produces dematiaceous conidia. Analyses of rDNA sequences indicate that major lineages are more closely correlated with anamorphic features such as conidial ontogeny and morphology than with teleomorph features. Development of molecular clock models is enabling researchers to reconstruct patterns of coevolution and host-jumping, as well as ancient migration patterns. Geographic distributions of some species appear to be increasing rapidly but little is known about species diversity in many large areas, including North America. Powdery mildews may already be responding to climate change, suggesting they may be useful models for studying effects of climate change on plant diseases.
在过去十年中，我们对白粉菌（白粉菌目）的认识发生了根本性变化。分子系统发育研究表明，白粉菌目属于散囊菌纲（无孔盘菌），而非核菌纲或不整囊菌纲。其生命周期出人意料地具有多样性，包括有性和无性状态、仅性态或仅无性态。至少有一个物种产生暗色分生孢子。核糖体DNA序列分析表明，主要谱系与无性型特征（如分生孢子发生和形态）的相关性比与有性型特征的相关性更强。分子钟模型的发展使研究人员能够重建协同进化和寄主转移模式，以及古代迁移模式。一些物种的地理分布似乎正在迅速扩大，但对包括北美在内的许多大片地区的物种多样性知之甚少。白粉菌可能已经在对气候变化做出反应，这表明它们可能是研究气候变化对植物病害影响的有用模型。
