Eballé André Omgbwa, Owono Didier, Bella Assumpta L, Ebana Côme, Long Din, Aboutou Rosalie
Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Boîte postale 4362, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Sante. 2008 Jan-Mar;18(1):19-23. doi: 10.1684/san.2008.0095.
This retrospective study examined the files of patients who consulted at the Women's and Children's Hospital of Yaoundé in Cameroon from March 2003 through December 2006. The main objective was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG).
Of 8,123 files reviewed, 184 patients (54.3% women) were diagnosed with COAG, all but one binocular. Their mean age was 62.2+/-13.01 years. According to the WHO definition of blindness, the rate of bilateral blindness was 34.2%, that of unilateral blindness 21% and low vision 17.4%. Significant statistic correlations were observed between the cup depth of the optic disc and visual acuity on one hand, and between the level of intraocular pressure and cup depth on the other, p=0.0001. Approximately 90.67% of the eyes with glaucoma had high pressure and 9.23% normal pressure.
COAG is a major cause of visual disability in Cameroon. Intraocular pressure is an important risk factor, but its positive predictive value for the impairment of optic disc fibres is low (R=0.29); other factors (apoptosis and ischemia of the optic disc) are associated with it.
Advanced strategies for early diagnosis of COAG are essential, for this disease is an important cause of blindness. Such programmes would significantly delay the onset of visual disabilities.
本回顾性研究查阅了2003年3月至2006年12月期间在喀麦隆雅温得妇女儿童医院就诊的患者档案。主要目的是确定被诊断为慢性开角型青光眼（COAG）患者的流行病学和临床特征。
在查阅的8123份档案中，184例患者（54.3%为女性）被诊断为COAG，除1例单眼外均为双眼。他们的平均年龄为62.2±13.01岁。根据世界卫生组织的失明定义，双眼失明率为34.2%，单眼失明率为21%，低视力率为17.4%。一方面，观察到视盘杯深与视力之间存在显著的统计学相关性，另一方面，眼压水平与杯深之间也存在显著相关性，p = 0.0001。约90.67%的青光眼患者眼压高，9.23%眼压正常。
COAG是喀麦隆视力残疾的主要原因。眼压是一个重要的危险因素，但其对视盘纤维损伤的阳性预测价值较低（R = 0.29）；其他因素（视盘凋亡和缺血）与之相关。
对于这种导致失明的重要疾病，COAG的早期诊断高级策略至关重要。此类计划将显著延迟视力残疾的发生。
