尼日利亚卡诺市青少年学生中的高血压患病率

Prevalence of hypertension among teenage students in Kano, Nigeria.

作者信息

Mijinyawa M S, Iliyasu Z, Borodo M M

机构信息

Dept. of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

出版信息

Niger J Med. 2008 Apr-Jun;17(2):173-8. doi: 10.4314/njm.v17i2.37378.

DOI:10.4314/njm.v17i2.37378

PMID:18686834

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypertension has been reported among young people worldwide. It is known to track from youth to adulthood, which makes it a useful predictor of essential hypertension in adulthood. This study determined the prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors among secondary school teenagers in Kano, Nigeria.

METHODS

A questionnaire was administered on a cross section of 1000 teenage students to inquire about cardiovascular risk factors. Participants' blood pressure, height and weight were measured. Relevant investigations were done for those with raised blood pressure.

RESULTS

The participants' ages ranged from 13 to 19 years with a mean of 15.91.62 years. Seventy of the students had systolic blood pressure 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 90mmHg giving a prevalence rate of hypertension of 7.2% [95% CI = 5.6-8.9%]. Specifically, 32 (6.7%) of the 476 males were hypertensive compared to 38 (7.7%) of the 492 female participants. This difference was not statistically significant (2 =1.6 df = 1 p > 0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension rose from 4.3% (among the younger participants) to 11.8% among the oldest students. Of the 70, a majority (88.5%) had grade 1 hypertension, 10.0% had Grade 2 hypertension and 1.5% had Grade 3 hypertension. The hypertensives were about twice more likely to have a family history of hypertension compared to their normotensive counterparts. This difference was statistically significant [OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.12-3.83] (2 = 6.4 df = 1 p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Hypertension exists among teenage students in Kano, Nigeria. Early detection can reduce risk of cardiovascular changes and end organ damage.

摘要

背景

全球范围内年轻人中均有高血压病例报告。已知高血压可从青少年期持续至成年期，这使其成为成年期原发性高血压的有效预测指标。本研究确定了尼日利亚卡诺市中学生中高血压的患病率及相关心血管危险因素。

方法

对1000名青少年学生进行问卷调查，询问心血管危险因素。测量参与者的血压、身高和体重。对血压升高者进行相关检查。

结果

参与者年龄在13至19岁之间，平均年龄为15.9±1.62岁。70名学生收缩压≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHg，高血压患病率为7.2%[95%置信区间=5.6 - 8.9%]。具体而言，476名男性中有32名（6.7%）患高血压，492名女性参与者中有38名（7.7%）患高血压。这种差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.6，自由度=1，p>0.05）。高血压患病率从最年轻参与者中的4.3%上升至最年长学生中的11.8%。在这70名高血压患者中，大多数（88.5%）为1级高血压，10.0%为2级高血压，1.5%为3级高血压。与血压正常者相比，高血压患者有家族高血压病史的可能性约为两倍。这种差异具有统计学意义[比值比=2.1，95%置信区间=1.12 - 3.83]（χ²=6.4 df =1 p =0.01）结论：尼日利亚卡诺地区的青少年学生中存在高血压。早期检测可降低心血管病变和终末器官损害的风险。