Wen Ming, Van Duker Heather, Olson Lenora M
Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
J Adolesc. 2009 Jun;32(3):671-92. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.008. Epub 2008 Aug 8.
Using data from the Add Health, this study examined multilevel factors of adolescent smoking after controlling for the baseline smoking behavior and individual characteristics. Results showed that peer, family and school were all important life domains contextually influencing subsequent smoking behavior among adolescents. Time spent with peers, best friend smoking and household member smoking were associated with higher risk. Parent-child closeness, parental control, attending a private school and having a higher percentage of Hispanic students at school were protective factors. Significant interaction effects were found between parental control and household member smoking and between parent-child closeness and communication. None of the neighborhood- and state-level factors were significant in the final full model but they were significant in reduced models. More proximate social contexts appear to play a more direct and immediate role in adolescent smoking than macro-level factors. An ecological model incorporating multiple social systems seems more fruitful than single-system models to reveal etiology of adolescent smoking.
本研究利用“青少年健康纵向研究”（Add Health）的数据，在控制了基线吸烟行为和个体特征之后，考察了青少年吸烟的多层次影响因素。结果显示，同伴、家庭和学校都是在情境上影响青少年后续吸烟行为的重要生活领域。与同伴相处的时间、最好的朋友吸烟以及家庭成员吸烟都与更高的风险相关。亲子亲密关系、父母的管控、就读私立学校以及学校里西班牙裔学生比例较高是保护因素。研究发现，父母的管控与家庭成员吸烟之间以及亲子亲密关系与交流之间存在显著的交互作用。在最终的完整模型中，邻里和州层面的因素均不显著，但在简化模型中它们是显著的。与宏观层面的因素相比，更直接的社会环境似乎在青少年吸烟问题上发挥着更直接和即时的作用。一个纳入多个社会系统的生态模型似乎比单一系统模型在揭示青少年吸烟的病因方面更有成效。
