Camchong Jazmin, Dyckman Kara A, Austin Benjamin P, Clementz Brett A, McDowell Jennifer E
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Dec 15;64(12):1042-50. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.015. Epub 2008 Aug 9.
People with schizophrenia and their biological relatives have deficits in executive control processes such as inhibition and working memory as evidenced by performance abnormalities on antisaccade (AS) and ocular motor delayed response (ODR) tasks.
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate brain activity associated with these putative indices of schizophrenia risk by: 1) directly comparing neural functioning in 15 schizophrenia patients, 13 of their first-degree biological relatives (primarily siblings), and 14 healthy participants; and 2) assessing executive function associated with volitional saccades by using a combination of AS and ODR tasks.
Behavioral data showed that patients and relatives both made more volitional saccade errors. Imaging data demonstrated that within the context of preserved activity in some neural regions in patients and relatives, there were two distinct patterns of disruptions in other regions. First, there were deficits observed only in the schizophrenia group (decreased activity in lateral frontal eye field and supplementary eye field), suggesting a change associated with disease manifestation. Second, there were deficits observed in both patients and relatives (decreased activity in middle occipital gyrus, insula, cuneus, anterior cingulate, and Brodmann area 10 in prefrontal cortex), indicating a potential association with disease risk.
Results indicate that decreased brain activation in regions involved in managing and evaluating early sensory and attention processing might be associated with poor volitional saccade control and risk for developing schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者及其生物学亲属在执行控制过程中存在缺陷，如抑制和工作记忆方面，这在反扫视（AS）和眼动延迟反应（ODR）任务中的表现异常中得到了证实。
本功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究旨在通过以下方式调查与这些假定的精神分裂症风险指标相关的大脑活动：1）直接比较15名精神分裂症患者、13名他们的一级生物学亲属（主要是兄弟姐妹）和14名健康参与者的神经功能；2）通过结合AS和ODR任务评估与随意性扫视相关的执行功能。
行为数据显示，患者和亲属都出现了更多的随意性扫视错误。成像数据表明，在患者和亲属的一些神经区域活动保持的情况下，其他区域存在两种不同的破坏模式。首先，仅在精神分裂症组中观察到缺陷（外侧额眼区和辅助眼区活动减少），这表明与疾病表现相关的变化。其次，在患者和亲属中均观察到缺陷（枕中回、岛叶、楔叶、前扣带回和前额叶皮质的布罗德曼10区活动减少），这表明与疾病风险存在潜在关联。
结果表明，参与管理和评估早期感觉及注意力处理的区域大脑激活减少可能与随意性扫视控制不佳及精神分裂症发病风险相关。
