Donoghue Michael J
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 12;105 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):11549-55. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801962105. Epub 2008 Aug 11.
Phylogenetic studies are revealing that major ecological niches are more conserved through evolutionary history than expected, implying that adaptations to major climate changes have not readily been accomplished in all lineages. Phylogenetic niche conservatism has important consequences for the assembly of both local communities and the regional species pools from which these are drawn. If corridors for movement are available, newly emerging environments will tend to be filled by species that filter in from areas in which the relevant adaptations have already evolved, as opposed to being filled by in situ evolution of these adaptations. Examples include intercontinental disjunctions of tropical plants, the spread of plant lineages around the Northern Hemisphere after the evolution of cold tolerance, and the radiation of northern alpine plants into the Andes. These observations highlight the role of phylogenetic knowledge and historical biogeography in explanations of global biodiversity patterns. They also have implications for the future of biodiversity.
系统发育研究表明，主要生态位在进化历史中比预期的更具保守性，这意味着并非所有谱系都能轻易完成对主要气候变化的适应。系统发育生态位保守性对当地群落以及构成这些群落的区域物种库的组装具有重要影响。如果有迁徙通道，新出现的环境往往会被从相关适应特征已经进化的地区迁入的物种所占据，而不是通过这些适应特征的原地进化来填充。例子包括热带植物的洲际间断分布、耐寒性进化后植物谱系在北半球的扩散，以及北半球高山植物向安第斯山脉的辐射。这些观察结果凸显了系统发育知识和历史生物地理学在解释全球生物多样性模式中的作用。它们也对生物多样性的未来产生影响。
