Greaves M, Lawlor F
Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, U.K.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Jul;25(1 Pt 2):155-61; discussion 161-5. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70183-3.
Angioedema is characterized by localized swelling of sudden onset affecting the skin and/or mucous membranes. It can be classified into hereditary and acquired forms. Hereditary angioedema is a rare disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and caused by a deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor. Acute attacks are life threatening and cannot be managed by antihistamines, corticosteroids, or adrenergic drugs. Prophylactic therapy is possible with danazol or stanozolol. Acquired angioedema includes nonhereditary C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency; idiopathic, allergic, and drug-induced forms; angioedema associated with lupus erythematosus and hypereosinophilia; and angioedema caused by physical stimuli. Treatment of these forms of angioedema depends on identifying and avoiding the cause, induction of tolerance, or symptomatic treatment with systemic antihistamines.
血管性水肿的特征是突然发作的局限性肿胀，累及皮肤和/或黏膜。它可分为遗传性和获得性两种类型。遗传性血管性水肿是一种罕见的常染色体显性遗传疾病，由C1酯酶抑制剂缺乏引起。急性发作可危及生命，抗组胺药、皮质类固醇或肾上腺素能药物无法对其进行治疗。使用达那唑或司坦唑醇进行预防性治疗是可行的。获得性血管性水肿包括非遗传性C1酯酶抑制剂缺乏；特发性、过敏性和药物诱导型；与红斑狼疮和嗜酸性粒细胞增多症相关的血管性水肿；以及由物理刺激引起的血管性水肿。这些类型的血管性水肿的治疗取决于识别并避免病因、诱导耐受或使用全身性抗组胺药进行对症治疗。
