Horner R D, Lackey C J, Kolasa K, Warren K
Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 Jan;91(1):34-8.
This report summarizes current knowledge about pica practices during pregnancy through a systematic review of the literature for the period 1950 through 1990. Pica behavior was considered in terms of its prevalence, risk factors, clinical profile, and effect on pregnancy outcome. Data on pica practices by pregnant women are limited and inconclusive but reveal several interesting relationships. The prevalence of pica among pregnant women in high-risk groups declined between the 1950s and the 1970s but now remains steady, affecting about one fifth of high-risk women. Women at high risk of pica are more likely to be black, to live in rural areas, and to have a positive childhood and family history of pica. The clinical picture of the disorder during pregnancy is not well described. The evidence suggests that pica during pregnancy results in anemia, but it is not definitive. Pica also has been associated with maternal and perinatal mortality. We conclude that the behavior is more prevalent than commonly believed, shows no sign of further decline, and may have serious effects, particularly anemia, on mother and infant. Dietetic practitioners who counsel pregnant women should ask questions about pica when they conduct nutrition assessments of their clients.
本报告通过对1950年至1990年期间的文献进行系统综述，总结了当前关于孕期异食癖行为的知识。从异食癖行为的患病率、风险因素、临床特征以及对妊娠结局的影响等方面进行了考量。关于孕妇异食癖行为的数据有限且尚无定论，但揭示了一些有趣的关联。20世纪50年代至70年代期间，高危组孕妇中异食癖的患病率有所下降，但目前保持稳定，约五分之一的高危女性受其影响。有患异食癖高风险的女性更可能是黑人，居住在农村地区，并且有异食癖的童年和家族史。孕期该病症的临床表现描述得并不充分。有证据表明孕期异食癖会导致贫血，但并不确凿。异食癖还与孕产妇和围产期死亡率相关。我们得出结论，这种行为比通常认为的更为普遍，没有进一步下降的迹象，并且可能对母婴产生严重影响，尤其是贫血。为孕妇提供咨询的饮食从业者在对客户进行营养评估时应询问有关异食癖的问题。
