Fedorova S A, Stepanov A D, Adoian M, Parik J, Argunov V A, Ozawa T, Khusnutdinova E K, Villems R
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2008 May-Jun;42(3):445-53.
Molecular genetic analysis of ancient human remains are mostly based on mitochondrial DNA due to its better preservation in human skeletons in comparison with nuclear DNA. We investigated mtDNA extracted from human skeletons found in graves in Yakutia to determine their haplotypes and to compare them with lineages of modern populations. Ancient DNA was extracted from fragments of three skeletons of Yakut graves at At-Dabaan, Ojuluun and Jaraama sites (dating XVIII century) and two skeletons of Neolithic graves at Kerdugen site found in central Yakutia (Churapchinsky, Kangalassky and Megino-Kangalassky districts of Yakutia). Five different haplotypes belonging to specific Asian haplogroups were identified. Lineages of mtDNA of Yakut graves belong to haplo-groups C4a, D5a2 and B5b. Our results indicate the continuity of mitochondrial lineages in the Yakut gene pool during the last 300 years. Haplotypes of two humans from Kerdugen site graves belong to haplogroups A4 and G2a/D. We compared these haplotypes with that of 40,000 Eurasian individuals, 900 of them from Yakutia. No exact matches were found in Paleoasian populations of Chukchi, Eskimos, Koryaks and Itelmen. Phylogenetically close haplotypes (+/- 1 mutation) were found in populations of Yakuts and Evenks, as well as in some populations of China, Southern and Western Siberia.
由于线粒体DNA（mtDNA）相较于核DNA在人类骨骼中保存得更好，对古代人类遗骸的分子遗传学分析大多基于mtDNA。我们研究了从雅库特墓葬中发现的人类骨骼提取的mtDNA，以确定其单倍型，并将它们与现代人群的谱系进行比较。从阿特 - 达班、奥朱伦和贾拉马遗址（可追溯到18世纪）的雅库特墓葬的三具骨骼碎片以及在雅库特中部（雅库特的丘拉普钦斯基、坎加拉尔斯基和梅吉诺 - 坎加拉尔斯基地区）克尔杜根遗址的新石器时代墓葬的两具骨骼中提取了古代DNA。鉴定出了属于特定亚洲单倍群的五种不同单倍型。雅库特墓葬的mtDNA谱系属于单倍群C4a、D5a2和B5b。我们的结果表明，在过去300年里，雅库特基因库中线粒体谱系具有连续性。来自克尔杜根遗址墓葬的两个人的单倍型属于单倍群A4和G2a/D。我们将这些单倍型与40000名欧亚个体的单倍型进行了比较，其中900人来自雅库特。在楚科奇人、爱斯基摩人、科里亚克人和伊捷尔缅人等古亚细亚人群中未发现完全匹配的情况。在雅库特人和埃文克人以及中国、西西伯利亚和东西伯利亚的一些人群中发现了系统发育上相近的单倍型（相差 +/- 1个突变）。
