Laboratoire AMIS, FRE 2960 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France.
BMC Evol Biol. 2010 Jan 25;10:25. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-25.
The Yakuts contrast strikingly with other populations from Siberia due to their cattle- and horse-breeding economy as well as their Turkic language. On the basis of ethnological and linguistic criteria as well as population genetic studies, it has been assumed that they originated from South Siberian populations. However, many questions regarding the origins of this intriguing population still need to be clarified (e.g. the precise origin of paternal lineages and the admixture rate with indigenous populations). This study attempts to better understand the origins of the Yakuts by performing genetic analyses on 58 mummified frozen bodies dated from the 15th to the 19th century, excavated from Yakutia (Eastern Siberia).
High quality data were obtained for the autosomal STRs, Y-chromosomal STRs and SNPs and mtDNA due to exceptional sample preservation. A comparison with the same markers on seven museum specimens excavated 3 to 15 years ago showed significant differences in DNA quantity and quality. Direct access to ancient genetic data from these molecular markers combined with the archaeological evidence, demographical studies and comparisons with 166 contemporary individuals from the same location as the frozen bodies helped us to clarify the microevolution of this intriguing population.
We were able to trace the origins of the male lineages to a small group of horse-riders from the Cis-Baïkal area. Furthermore, mtDNA data showed that intermarriages between the first settlers with Evenks women led to the establishment of genetic characteristics during the 15th century that are still observed today.
雅库特人与西伯利亚其他人群形成鲜明对比，因为他们的畜牧业和马业经济以及他们的突厥语。基于民族学和语言学标准以及人口遗传研究，人们认为他们起源于南西伯利亚人群。然而，关于这个引人入胜的人群的起源仍有许多问题需要澄清（例如父系血统的确切起源和与原住民的混合率）。本研究试图通过对 58 具 15 至 19 世纪从雅库特（西伯利亚东部）挖掘的木乃伊化冷冻尸体进行遗传分析，更好地了解雅库特人的起源。
由于样本保存异常，我们获得了高质量的常染色体 STR、Y 染色体 STR 和 SNPs 和 mtDNA 数据。与七件挖掘于 3 至 15 年前的博物馆标本的相同标记物进行比较，显示出 DNA 数量和质量的显著差异。直接从这些分子标记物获取古代遗传数据，结合考古证据、人口研究以及与同一地点的 166 名当代个体进行比较，有助于我们阐明这个引人入胜的人群的微进化。
我们能够追踪男性血统的起源，追溯到来自贝加尔湖地区的一小群骑马者。此外，mtDNA 数据显示，第一批定居者与埃文基妇女的通婚导致了 15 世纪建立的遗传特征，这些特征至今仍在观察到。
