Knowles Margaret A
Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK.
Int J Clin Oncol. 2008 Aug;13(4):287-97. doi: 10.1007/s10147-008-0812-0. Epub 2008 Aug 15.
Bladder tumors show widely differing histopathology and clinical behavior. This is reflected in the molecular genetic alterations they contain. Much information has accumulated on somatic genomic alterations in bladder tumors of all grades and stages and when this information is related to the common histopathological appearances, a model for the pathogenesis of two major groups of bladder tumors has emerged. This review summarizes the genetic alterations that have been reported in bladder cancer and relates these to the current two-pathway model for tumor development. The molecular pathogenesis of high-grade noninvasive papillary tumors and of T1 tumors is not yet clear and possibilities are discussed.
膀胱肿瘤在组织病理学和临床行为上表现出广泛的差异。这反映在它们所包含的分子遗传改变上。关于各级和各阶段膀胱肿瘤体细胞基因组改变的信息已经积累了很多，当这些信息与常见的组织病理学表现相关联时，两种主要类型膀胱肿瘤的发病机制模型就出现了。这篇综述总结了膀胱癌中已报道的基因改变，并将这些改变与当前的肿瘤发展双途径模型联系起来。高级别非浸润性乳头状肿瘤和T1期肿瘤的分子发病机制尚不清楚，本文对此进行了讨论。
