Pakarinen Jaakko, Hyvärinen Anne, Salkinoja-Salonen Mirja, Laitinen Sirpa, Nevalainen Aino, Mäkelä Mika J, Haahtela Tari, von Hertzen Leena
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Environ Microbiol. 2008 Dec;10(12):3317-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01723.x. Epub 2008 Aug 14.
Simple living conditions and farming environment have been associated with reduced risk for allergic diseases such as atopy and asthma but the factors responsible for this effect remain unresolved. We examined the bacterial composition of house dusts obtained from Finnish and Russian Karelia, two adjacent areas with high and low occurrence of atopic diseases respectively. Two dust mixes, both composed of 10 randomly selected dust samples from 349 Finnish and 417 Russian Karelian households were studied for bacterial biomarkers (DNA, Limulus-active endotoxin, 3-OH fatty acids, muramic acid) and for 16S rRNA gene sequences. Overall, the DNA cloning revealed more taxons (94 different genera) of dustborne bacteria than seen in any previous study on residential environments. Majority (67%) of the bacterial DNA clones in house dust from the low-allergy Russian Kareliarepresented Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes and Actinobacteria), predominantly Staphylococcaceae and Corynebacteriaceae. Russian Karelian dust showed up to 20-fold higher contents of muramic acid (marker of Gram-positive bacteria) and a sevenfold higher number of clones of animal-associated species, whereas in Finnish Karelian dust Gram-negatives (mainly Proteobacteria) predominated. Clones of plant-associated bacterial species and of chloroplast, indicating plant biomass, were more numerous in Finnish than in Russian Karelian dust. In conclusion, this study revealed major disparities between Finnish and Russian house dusts. The higher bacterial content and the predominance of Gram-positive bacteria in Russian dust may have implications for occurrence of atopy.
简单的生活条件和农耕环境与诸如特应性疾病和哮喘等过敏性疾病风险的降低有关，但造成这种影响的因素仍未明确。我们检测了分别取自芬兰和俄罗斯卡累利阿地区的室内灰尘的细菌组成，这两个相邻地区特应性疾病的发病率分别为高和低。对两种灰尘混合物进行了研究，这两种混合物均由从349户芬兰家庭和417户俄罗斯卡累利阿家庭中随机选取的10份灰尘样本组成，检测其细菌生物标志物（DNA、鲎试剂活性内毒素、3-羟基脂肪酸、胞壁酸）以及16S rRNA基因序列。总体而言，DNA克隆显示，与以往任何关于居住环境的研究相比，空气中灰尘携带的细菌种类（94个不同属）更多。来自低过敏性的俄罗斯卡累利阿地区室内灰尘中的细菌DNA克隆，大部分（67%）代表革兰氏阳性菌（厚壁菌门和放线菌门），主要是葡萄球菌科和棒杆菌科。俄罗斯卡累利阿地区的灰尘显示，胞壁酸（革兰氏阳性菌的标志物）含量高达20倍，与动物相关物种的克隆数量高7倍，而在芬兰卡累利阿地区的灰尘中革兰氏阴性菌（主要是变形菌门）占主导。与植物相关的细菌物种和叶绿体的克隆（表明存在植物生物质）在芬兰灰尘中比在俄罗斯卡累利阿地区灰尘中更多。总之，本研究揭示了芬兰和俄罗斯室内灰尘之间的主要差异。俄罗斯灰尘中较高的细菌含量和革兰氏阳性菌的主导地位可能与特应性疾病的发生有关。
