Reid I A, Yamamoto A, Keil L C, Chou L
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
Chin J Physiol. 1991;34(1):93-104.
Several lines of evidence indicate that the kidneys can influence the secretion of vasopressin. We have reported that electrical stimulation of the renal nerves increases plasma vasopressin concentration in dogs and rabbits, and other investigators have reported that selective stimulation of afferent renal nerves in cats and rats increases plasma vasopressin concentration or the activity of neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. Intrarenal infusion of bradykinin, which is known to excite afferent renal nerves, has also been reported to increase the activity of putative vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus of rats. Recently, we observed that intrarenal infusion of bradykinin in rabbits increases plasma vasopressin concentration, and that this response is markedly reduced by renal denervation. We have also reported that activation of renal mechanoreceptors by elevating intrarenal pressure increases plasma vasopressin concentration in rabbits, and that this response is blocked by renal denervation. In order to determine if the kidneys participate in the physiological regulation of vasopressin release, we investigated the effect of renal denervation on the osmotic and non-osmotic control of vasopressin secretion in conscious, chronically-prepared rabbits. We found that renal denervation did not significantly reduce the vasopressin responses to hypertonic saline infusion, 24-hour water deprivation, hemorrhage or nitroprusside infusion. In summary, these observations indicate that the kidneys can influence the secretion of vasopressin via the afferent renal nerves. However, the physiological significance of the observations remains to be determined.
多条证据表明，肾脏能够影响抗利尿激素的分泌。我们曾报道，电刺激肾神经可使犬和兔的血浆抗利尿激素浓度升高，其他研究者也报道，选择性刺激猫和大鼠的肾传入神经可使血浆抗利尿激素浓度升高或视上核神经分泌神经元的活性增强。据报道，向肾内注入已知可兴奋肾传入神经的缓激肽，也可增强大鼠视上核中假定的抗利尿激素神经元的活性。最近，我们观察到，向兔肾内注入缓激肽可使血浆抗利尿激素浓度升高，而肾去神经支配可显著减弱这一反应。我们还报道，通过升高肾内压激活肾机械感受器可使兔血浆抗利尿激素浓度升高，而肾去神经支配可阻断这一反应。为了确定肾脏是否参与抗利尿激素释放的生理调节，我们研究了肾去神经支配对清醒、长期制备的兔抗利尿激素分泌的渗透压和非渗透压控制的影响。我们发现，肾去神经支配并未显著降低抗利尿激素对高渗盐水输注、24小时禁水、出血或硝普钠输注的反应。总之，这些观察结果表明，肾脏可通过肾传入神经影响抗利尿激素的分泌。然而，这些观察结果的生理意义仍有待确定。
