Quadflieg Susanne, Turk David J, Waiter Gordon D, Mitchell Jason P, Jenkins Adrianna C, Macrae C Neil
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King College, Scottland, UK.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Aug;21(8):1560-70. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21091.
Judging people on the basis of cultural stereotypes is a ubiquitous facet of daily life, yet little is known about how this fundamental inferential strategy is implemented in the brain. Using fMRI, we measured neural activity while participants made judgments about the likely actor (i.e., person-focus) and location (i.e., place-focus) of a series of activities, some of which were associated with prevailing gender stereotypes. Results revealed that stereotyping was underpinned by activity in areas associated with evaluative processing (e.g., ventral medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala) and the representation of action knowledge (e.g., supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus). In addition, activity accompanying stereotypic judgments was correlated with the strength of participants' explicit and implicit gender stereotypes. These findings elucidate how stereotyping fits within the neuroscience of person understanding.
基于文化刻板印象来评判他人是日常生活中普遍存在的一个方面，但对于这种基本的推理策略在大脑中是如何实施的，我们却知之甚少。我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，在参与者对一系列活动的可能执行者（即人物聚焦）和地点（即地点聚焦）进行判断时测量其神经活动，其中一些活动与普遍存在的性别刻板印象相关。结果显示，刻板印象的形成以与评价性加工相关的脑区（如腹内侧前额叶皮层、杏仁核）以及动作知识表征相关的脑区（如缘上回、颞中回）的活动为基础。此外，伴随刻板印象判断的活动与参与者明确和隐含的性别刻板印象的强度相关。这些发现阐明了刻板印象在理解他人的神经科学中是如何体现的。
