Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
Neuropsychologia. 2012 Dec;50(14):3600-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
When interacting with someone from another social group, one's responses may be influenced by both stereotypes and evaluations. Given behavioral results suggesting that stereotypes and evaluative associations operate independently, we used fMRI to test whether these biases are mediated by distinct brain systems. White participants viewed pairs of Black or White faces and judged them based on an evaluation (who would you befriend?) or a stereotype-relevant trait (who is more likely to enjoy athletic activities?). Multi-voxel pattern analysis revealed that a predominantly occipital network represented race in a context-invariant manner. However, lateral orbitofrontal cortex preferentially represented race during friendship judgments, whereas anterior medial prefrontal cortex preferentially represented race during trait judgments. Furthermore, representation of race in left temporal pole correlated with a behavioral measure of evaluative bias during friendship judgments and, independently, a measure of stereotyping during trait judgments. Whereas early sensory regions represent race in an apparently invariant manner, representations in higher-level regions are multi-componential and context-dependent.
当与来自另一个社会群体的人互动时，一个人的反应可能会受到刻板印象和评价的影响。鉴于行为结果表明刻板印象和评价关联独立运作，我们使用 fMRI 来测试这些偏见是否由不同的大脑系统介导。白人参与者观看了一对黑人和白人的面孔，并根据评价（你会和谁交朋友？）或与刻板印象相关的特征（谁更有可能喜欢体育活动？）来判断他们。多体素模式分析显示，一个主要的枕叶网络以上下文不变的方式表示种族。然而，外侧眶额皮层在友谊判断中优先表示种族，而前内侧前额叶皮层在特征判断中优先表示种族。此外，左侧颞极的种族表示与友谊判断中评价偏差的行为测量相关，并且独立地与特征判断中刻板印象的测量相关。虽然早期感觉区域以明显不变的方式表示种族，但在更高层次的区域中的表示是多成分和上下文相关的。
