Zhang Yuanxun, Schauer James Jay, Zhang Yuanhang, Zeng Limin, Wei Yongjie, Liu Yuan, Shao Min
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Jul 15;42(14):5068-73. doi: 10.1021/es7022576.
Particulate matter emissions from a series of different Chinese coal combustion systems were collected and analyzed for elemental and organic carbon (EC, OC), and molecular markers. Emissions from both industrial boilers and residential stoves were investigated. The coal used in this study included anthracite, bituminite, and brown coal, as well as commonly used coal briquettes produced in China for residential coal combustion. Results show significant differences in the contribution of carbonaceous species to particulate mass emissions. Industrial boilers had much higher burn out of carbon yielding particulate matter emissions with much lower levels of OC, EC, and speciated organic compounds, while residential stoves had significantly higher emissions of carbonaceous particulate matter with emission rates of approximately 100 times higher than that of industrial boilers. Quantified organic compounds emitted from industrial boilers were dominated by oxygenated compounds, of which 46-68% were organic acids, whereas the dominate species quantified in the emissions from residential stoves were PAHs (38%) and n-alkanes (20%). An important observation was the fact that emission factors of PAHs and the distribution of hopanoids were different among the emissions from industrial and residential coal combustion even using the same coal for combustion. Although particulate matter emissions from industrial and residential combustion were different in many regards, picene was detected in all samples with detectable OC mass concentrations, which supports the use of this organic tracer for OC from all types of coal combustion. 17alpha(H),21beta(H)-29-norhopane was the predominant hopanoid in coal combustion emissions, which is different from mobile source emissions and may be used to distinguish emissions from these different fossil fuel sources.
收集并分析了一系列不同的中国煤炭燃烧系统的颗粒物排放，以测定其中的元素碳和有机碳（EC、OC）以及分子标志物。对工业锅炉和民用炉灶的排放均进行了研究。本研究中使用的煤包括无烟煤、烟煤和褐煤，以及中国生产的常用民用型煤。结果表明，含碳物质对颗粒物质量排放的贡献存在显著差异。工业锅炉的碳燃烧殆尽程度更高，产生的颗粒物排放中OC、EC和特定有机化合物的含量要低得多，而民用炉灶的含碳颗粒物排放量显著更高，排放速率比工业锅炉高约100倍。工业锅炉排放的定量有机化合物以氧化合物为主，其中46 - 68%为有机酸，而民用炉灶排放中定量的主要物质是多环芳烃（38%）和正构烷烃（20%）。一个重要的发现是，即使使用相同的煤进行燃烧，工业和民用煤炭燃烧排放中的多环芳烃排放因子和藿烷类分布也有所不同。尽管工业和民用燃烧的颗粒物排放在许多方面存在差异，但在所有可检测到OC质量浓度的样品中均检测到了苝，这支持将这种有机示踪剂用于所有类型煤炭燃烧产生的OC的研究。17α(H),21β(H)-29-降藿烷是煤炭燃烧排放中主要的藿烷类，这与移动源排放不同，可用于区分这些不同化石燃料源产生的排放。
