Zhi Guorui, Chen Yingjun, Feng Yanli, Xiong Shengchun, Li Jun, Zhang Gan, Sheng Guoying, Fu Jiamo
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 May 1;42(9):3310-5. doi: 10.1021/es702247q.
China is thought to be the most important contributor to the global burden of carbonaceous aerosols, and residential coal combustion is the greatest emission source of black carbon (BC). In the present study, two high-efficiency household coal-stoves are tested together with honeycomb-coal-briquettes and raw-coal-chunks of nine different coals. Coal-burning emissions are collected onto quartz fiber filters (QFFs) and analyzed by a thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) method. Emission factors (EFs) of particulate matter (PM), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) are systematically measured, and the average EFs are calculated by taking into account our previous data. For bituminous coal-briquette and -chunk, EFs of PM, OC, and EC are 7.33, 4.16, and 0.08 g/kg and 14.8, 5.93, and 3.81 g/kg, respectively; and for anthracite-briquette and -chunk, they are 1.21, 0.06, and 0.004 g/kg and 1.08, 0.10, and 0.007 g/kg, respectively. Annual estimates for PM, OC, and EC emissions in China are calculated for the years of 2000 and 2005 according to the EFs and coal consumptions, and the results are consistent with our previous estimates. Bituminous coal-chunk contributes 68% and 99% of the total OC and EC emissions from household coal burning, respectively. Additionally, a new model of Aethalometer (AE90) is introduced into the sampling system to monitor the real-time BC concentrations. On one hand, AE90 provides a set of EFs for optical BC in parallel to thermal-optical EC, and these two data are generally comparable, although BC/EC ratios vary in different coal/stove combinations. On the other hand, AE90 offers a chance to observe the variation of BC concentrations during whole burning cycles, which demonstrates that almost all BC emits into the flue during the initial period of 15 min after coal addition into household stoves.
中国被认为是全球碳质气溶胶负担的最重要贡献者，而居民燃煤是黑碳（BC）的最大排放源。在本研究中，对两种高效家用煤炉以及九种不同煤炭的蜂窝煤和原煤块进行了测试。将燃煤排放物收集到石英纤维滤膜（QFFs）上，并通过热光透射率（TOT）方法进行分析。系统测量了颗粒物（PM）、有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的排放因子（EFs），并结合我们之前的数据计算了平均排放因子。对于烟煤型煤和原煤块，PM、OC和EC的排放因子分别为7.33、4.16和0.08 g/kg以及14.8、5.93和3.81 g/kg；对于无烟煤型煤和原煤块，它们分别为1.21、0.06和0.004 g/kg以及1.08、0.10和0.007 g/kg。根据排放因子和煤炭消耗量，计算了2000年和2005年中国PM、OC和EC排放的年度估算值，结果与我们之前的估算一致。烟煤原煤块分别占居民燃煤总OC和EC排放的68%和99%。此外，在采样系统中引入了一种新型的黑碳仪（AE90）来监测实时BC浓度。一方面，AE90提供了一组光学BC的排放因子，与热光EC并行，尽管不同煤/炉组合中的BC/EC比值有所不同，但这两组数据总体上具有可比性。另一方面，AE90提供了一个机会来观察整个燃烧周期内BC浓度的变化，这表明几乎所有BC在将煤加入家用炉灶后的15分钟初始阶段排放到烟道中。
