Hancock P A, Thomas M B, Godfray H C J
NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks SL5 7PY, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Jan 7;276(1654):71-80. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0689.
It has recently been proposed that mosquito vectors of human diseases, particularly malaria, may be controlled by spraying with fungal biopesticides that increase the rate of adult mortality. Though fungal pathogens do not cause instantaneous mortality, they can kill mosquitoes before they are old enough to transmit disease. A model is developed (i) to explore the potential for fungal entomopathogens to reduce significantly infectious mosquito populations, (ii) to assess the relative value of the many different fungal strains that might be used, and (iii) to help guide the tactical design of vector-control programmes. The model follows the dynamics of different classes of adult mosquitoes with the risk of mortality due to the fungus being assumed to be a function of time since infection (modelled using the Weibull distribution). It is shown that substantial reductions in mosquito numbers are feasible for realistic assumptions about mosquito, fungus and malaria biology and moderate to low daily fungal infection probability. The choice of optimal fungal strain and spraying regime is shown to depend on local mosquito and malaria biology. Fungal pathogens may also influence the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria and such effects are shown to further reduce vectorial capacity.
最近有人提出，人类疾病的蚊媒，尤其是疟疾的传播媒介，或许可以通过喷洒真菌生物农药来控制，这种农药可提高成虫的死亡率。虽然真菌病原体不会导致蚊子立即死亡，但它们可以在蚊子成长到足以传播疾病之前将其杀死。开发了一个模型，用于（i）探究真菌昆虫病原体显著减少感染性蚊子种群的潜力，（ii）评估可能使用的许多不同真菌菌株的相对价值，以及（iii）帮助指导病媒控制项目的策略设计。该模型跟踪不同类别的成年蚊子的动态，假定因真菌导致的死亡风险是自感染以来时间的函数（使用威布尔分布进行建模）。结果表明，对于蚊子、真菌和疟疾生物学的现实假设以及中度至低度的每日真菌感染概率，大幅减少蚊子数量是可行的。最佳真菌菌株和喷洒方案的选择取决于当地的蚊子和疟疾生物学情况。真菌病原体还可能影响蚊子传播疟疾的能力，并且这种影响会进一步降低传播能力。
