Boffetta P, Tubiana M, Hill C, Boniol M, Aurengo A, Masse R, Valleron A-J, Monier R, de Thé G, Boyle P, Autier P
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Ann Oncol. 2009 Mar;20(3):550-5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn597. Epub 2008 Sep 2.
While external factors are responsible for many human cancers, precise estimates of the contribution of known carcinogens to the cancer burden in a given population have been scarce.
We estimated the proportion of cancer deaths which occurred in France in 2000 attributable to known risk factors, based on data on frequency of exposure around 1985.
In 2000, tobacco smoking was responsible for 23.9% of cancer deaths (33.4% in men and 9.6% in women), alcohol drinking for 6.9% (9.4% in men and 3.0% in women) and chronic infections for 3.7%. Occupation is responsible for 3.7% of cancer deaths in men; lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity and use of exogenous hormones are responsible for 2%-3% of cancer deaths in women. Other risk factors, including pollutants, are responsible for <1% of cancer deaths. Thus, known risk factors explain 35.0% of cancer deaths, and 15.0% among never smokers.
While cancer mortality is decreasing in France, known risk factors of cancer explain only a minority of cancers, with a predominant role of tobacco smoking.
虽然外部因素是许多人类癌症的病因，但对于已知致癌物在特定人群癌症负担中所起作用的精确估计却很匮乏。
我们基于1985年左右的暴露频率数据，估算了2000年在法国因已知风险因素导致的癌症死亡比例。
2000年，吸烟导致了23.9%的癌症死亡（男性为33.4%，女性为9.6%），饮酒导致6.9%（男性为9.4%，女性为3.0%），慢性感染导致3.7%。职业导致男性3.7%的癌症死亡；缺乏体育活动、超重/肥胖和使用外源性激素导致女性2%-3%的癌症死亡。其他风险因素，包括污染物，导致的癌症死亡比例不到1%。因此，已知风险因素解释了35.0%的癌症死亡，在从不吸烟者中为15.0%。
虽然法国的癌症死亡率在下降，但已知的癌症风险因素仅能解释少数癌症，吸烟起主要作用。
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