Hirabayashi Mayo, Abe Sarah Krull, Sawada Norie, Saito Eiko, Hori Megumi, Katanoda Kota, Matsuda Tomohiro
Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Cohort Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
GHM Open. 2021 Dec 31;1(2):56-62. doi: 10.35772/ghmo.2021.01015.
Overweight and obesity are known contributors to many non-communicable diseases, including cancer, and affect over one-tenth of the global population. One way to maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk for cancer is through increased physical activity. We estimated the fraction of cancer incidence and mortality in 2015 attributable to excess bodyweight as well as lack of physical activity among the Japanese population. The optimal body-mass index (BMI) for the purposes of this study was determined to be less than 23 kg/m. Mean BMI for each sex and age group was calculated using measured weight and height data extracted from the 2005 Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey (JNHNS). For the data on physical activity, we extracted the answers from the same survey from a question regarding whether the respondent did regular exercise. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for each cancer positively associated with excess bodyweight - esophageal adenocarcinoma, stomach (cardia), colorectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, female breast (pre- and post- menopausal), ovary, endometrium, advanced prostate and kidney - and for those positively associated with physical inactivity - colorectum, female breast and endometrium - were calculated for each sex and age group and aggregated to obtain the PAF among total cancer incidence and mortality. Excess bodyweight was attributable to 0.7% of cancer incidence and mortality, while lack of regular exercise was attributable to 1.3% of cancer incidence and 0.8% of cancer mortality. Around 1% of cancer incidence and mortality in Japan in 2015 are attributable to excess bodyweight and physical inactivity.
超重和肥胖是导致包括癌症在内的多种非传染性疾病的已知因素，影响着全球超过十分之一的人口。保持健康体重并降低患癌风险的一种方法是增加体育活动。我们估算了2015年日本人群中因超重以及缺乏体育活动导致的癌症发病率和死亡率的占比。本研究确定的最佳体重指数（BMI）为低于23千克/平方米。利用从2005年日本国民健康与营养调查（JNHNS）中提取的测量体重和身高数据，计算了各性别和年龄组的平均BMI。对于体育活动数据，我们从同一调查中关于受访者是否定期锻炼的问题提取答案。计算了各性别和年龄组中与超重呈正相关的每种癌症——食管腺癌、胃癌（贲门）、结直肠癌、肝癌、胆囊癌、胰腺癌、女性乳腺癌（绝经前和绝经后）、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、晚期前列腺癌和肾癌——以及与缺乏体育活动呈正相关的癌症——结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌——的人群归因分数（PAF），并进行汇总以获得所有癌症发病率和死亡率中的PAF。超重导致0.7%的癌症发病率和死亡率，而缺乏定期锻炼导致1.3%的癌症发病率和0.8%的癌症死亡率。2015年日本约1%的癌症发病率和死亡率可归因于超重和缺乏体育活动。
